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Spacing of okra plants


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Seed Spacing With Direct Sowing of Okra | Home Guides

By SF Gate Contributor Updated August 09, 2021

A staple in Southern cooking, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a warm-season annual vegetable ideal for the summer garden in Mediterranean climates. In warm climates, you can plant okra seeds directly into a prepared garden bed. Before you plant, however, seed pretreatment, bed preparation and plant spacing are all important considerations. Spacing okra well at planting time allows the plants fill while preserving air circulation. Okra likes full sun and well-drained soil, like many plants. Okra is also found under the alternate scientific name Hibiscus esculentus.

Planning the Garden

Okra takes up room in the garden, so a little planning goes a long way in growing a successful crop. Plan to grow about six okra plants per person to get a good harvest. Mature okra plants need about 18 to 24 inches between plants and 3 feet between the rows. In a single 25-foot garden bed row, you can grow 12 plants, ideal for two people, according to Master Gardener Steve Albert of Harvest to Table. Plant okra in spring when the soil warms to 65 degrees Fahrenheit or warmer, recommends the Old Farmer's Almanac. Okra is a warm-weather plant, so the warmer the better to ensure healthy growth and a happy plant.

Okra Bed Preparation

Before direct-sowing okra seeds in the garden, prepare the soil for planting. Start by clearing the garden bed of weeds and other plant material and then add a fertilizer soil amendment to help improve nutrients for the growing season. Use a balanced 10-10-10 granular fertilizer at a rate of 1/2 a pound per each 25-foot garden row. Spread the fertilizer evenly over the soil and then dig it into the top 6 to 8 inches of the garden bed.

Seed Treatment and Planting

Okra seeds germinate best when they are treated before direct-sowing in the garden. Place okra seeds in tepid water and allow them to soak for 12 to 24 hours before planting. This will soften the seed coat and speed germination. Plant okra seeds 1/2 inch deep with an initial spacing of 3 inches between seeds. When the seedlings grow 5 to 6 inches tall, pull out the weaker seedlings and thin the rows to 18 to 24 inches between plants.

Companion Plants for Okra

Okra plants grow 3 to 6 feet tall with lots of bushy, green growth. While okra needs full sun, it creates shade for other, lower-growing plants. Lettuce is a good crop to plant with okra. The tall okra plants shade the tender, heat-sensitive lettuce while the lettuce never gets big enough to cast a shadow on the heat-loving okra.

Early Seedling Care

Water okra seeds right after planting to moisten the seed bed. During germination and early growth, water again whenever the soil starts to dry out. After you thin the seeds, spread a layer of compost around the okra plants keeping it 1 to 2 inches from the base of the stems. Use 1/2 pound of compost for each 25-foot row. Okra takes 50 to 60 days from planting to harvest.

References

Okra - description of the plant / Growing okra / Uses and contraindications for edible hibiscus

Today, for most summer residents, garden plots have ceased to be a garden for growing vegetables and root crops. A modern dacha is a place to relax, spend leisure time, do what you love. Many lovers who are interested in exotic plants try to grow various unusual flowers, medicinal, spicy plants. Such rare crops for Russians include edible abelmosh (or hibiscus) (Abelmoschus, Hibiscus, esculentus). nine0003

This is a botanical, scientific name. But this plant, whose flowers resemble mallow, has several other names: okra, okra, gombo, ladies' fingers. By the way, it is believed that the last name was given to the plant by the famous Russian classic writer A.P. Chekhov, who grew it in his estate near Moscow, Melikhovo.

Botanical description

This vegetable belongs to the mallow family. Its homeland is the tropical regions of Africa. Even today in the Antilles, it grows in the wild under natural conditions. But as a cultivated plant, okra is grown in America, Asia, Africa, and Southern Europe. In our country, at the moment, this is a rather exotic plant, but there are small plantations of it in the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, in the Volgograd Region. nine0003

Okra is a herbaceous annual heat-loving and drought-resistant plant. It has a very powerful root system, in wild varieties growing in nature, the taproot penetrates into the depth of the soil by 1-1.5 m.

undersized, dwarf varieties) up to 2 m (tall varieties). The thick stem at the base is covered with sparse but very stiff hairs. It branches and as a result the plant takes the form of a bush, consisting of 3-7 stems. As the stem grows, it may become woody, although in some varieties it remains green with pubescence along its entire length. It is this green okra that is grown in the south of our country. nine0003

The leaves of the okra also have pronounced pubescence. They are large 5-7 lobed heart-shaped or rounded plates, the color of which can be dark or light green. They are attached to the stem with long petioles.

Blooming abelmosh will become a bright decoration of the garden. Its flowering period is very long. From the beginning of summer until the very end of autumn, more and more single buds appear in the axils of the leaves, opening with large funnel-shaped flowers. They have short, also pubescent pedicels and petals from pale lemon to beige, cream. nine0003

Varieties are self-pollinated and cross-pollinated. In any case, after pollination and withering of the flower, a fruit is formed in its place - an elongated octagonal (pyramidal) multi-seeded box with a pointed end, outwardly resembling pepper pods. The fruits, as well as the rest of the plant, are covered with fine hairs. Rounded or elongated on small stalks, they together reach up from the leaf axils. In some varieties, the length of the box can reach 25 cm, although the standard size does not exceed 10 cm.

In cross section, the fruits have a beautiful star shape. They are densely packed with fast-maturing seeds. It takes only 4-5 days and they become tasteless, fibrous. In fresh, frozen or canned form, okra can increasingly be seen on supermarket shelves and markets.

Useful properties of okra

Edible hibiscus fruits, original in their form, also have a rich chemical composition. They contain a large amount of protein, vitamins C and B, pectin, organic acids, mineral salts, carbohydrates, carotene, mucous substances. Okra seeds contain more than 20% oil, similar in composition and taste to olive oil. nine0003

Fruits, as well as other parts of the plant, are practically not used in folk and official medicine. However, the vegetable is used in the cuisines of various peoples of the world and dishes with it are often part of various diets. They are recommended for nutrition of people suffering from such diseases as:

Okra dishes are recommended for pregnant women, especially in the first trimester. This is an excellent tool for weight loss, recovery after heavy surgical interventions, after exhaustion. The vegetable strengthens the walls of capillaries, cleanses the body of cholesterol, helps with constipation, and reduces the risk of cataracts. According to data obtained in the course of scientific research, it prevents the occurrence of rectal cancer, helps in solving problems associated with potency. nine0003

Cultivation of okra

Despite its ancient origin, okra is rarely grown in our country, although some sources claim that even 100 years ago it grew in every garden. Today, most of the fruits of edible hibiscus on the world market are supplied by India, almost 70% of the total world production.

If for the inhabitants of central Russia okra is an exotic plant that can be grown in film greenhouses, seedling greenhouses, then in the south it can also grow in open ground. Okra is often compared to eggplant, because the care of these plants is almost the same. nine0003

Planting seeds

In southern regions, where the ground warms up fairly quickly, seeds can be sown directly into the soil. 60-70 cm are left between the rows, in a row the holes are made 4 cm deep at a distance of 30-35 cm, dropping 2 seeds into each at once. After the emergence of seedlings, this happens after 10-14 days, the weaker sprout is carefully pinched without pulling out or weeding it out so as not to damage the roots of the remaining seedling. For the same reason, in order to avoid damage to the root system, when growing by seedling, 2 seeds are planted in each germination container (peat pot), one of which is then also carefully pinched. nine0003

Seedlings are planted in the soil at the age of 40 days directly in pots. For active growth, the plant needs a temperature of at least 15-20ºС. If it is still cool outside, then a protective film can be pulled over the bed. By this time, the seedling reaches a height of 10-15 cm. When planting, humus and mineral fertilizers are introduced into each hole, which contributes to their rapid rooting.

Care of plants

Rules for the care of seedlings and mature plants do not depend on the method of growing seedlings. The main activities are timely watering, loosening the soil, removing weeds and applying fertilizers, organic and potassium-phosphorus. Over time, the bushes grow and block the access of the sun to the soil. The soil is kept constantly moist and weeds stop growing. The number of waterings is reduced, increasing their abundance. nine0003

Experts recommend to carry out the formation of a bush. This can be done in two ways:

Which method leads to an increase in the yield of a bush can be determined empirically. nine0003

Diseases

Abelmosh can be affected by all those fungal diseases that are typical for mallow plants. So that seedlings, adult plants are not exposed to them, they are soaked in a solution of some antimicrobial drug before planting the seeds. The soil is poured with the same solution, into which seeds are then sown, seedlings are planted. Sick plants, as well as the soil around them and the nearest bushes, are sprayed with special means. With a strong defeat, they are removed from the garden, and then burned. nine0003

When growing okra, try to follow the following agrotechnical rules:

To provoke the defeat of edible hibiscus bushes by fungal diseases can be a lack of potassium-phosphorus fertilizers and an excess of nitrogen.

Pests

Most often, aphids, thrips, cabbage scoop settle on okra. The first two types of pests feed on the sap of the plant, which leads to a delay in its growth, development, weakening of flowering and fruiting. In addition, thrips leave behind holes on the leaves, inside of which fungal spores can get. The bollworm is a caterpillar that feeds on fruits and leaves not only of okra, but also of other vegetables growing nearby. nine0003

To get rid of insects and for preventive purposes, it is necessary to spray plantings with pesticides. Modern preparations have low toxicity and are not dangerous for the environment. Some of them decompose within 2-3 days, after which the fruits can already be used for cooking.

Fruiting

In 2-2.5 months after planting, the first flowers appear on the bushes, and in a week the gardener can harvest the first crop and enjoy exotic vegetables. Depending on the growing area, it is possible to collect fruits from abelmosh bushes until the deepest autumn. The growth of bolls slows down only when the ambient temperature drops. Fruit color can be dark, light green, or even red. If you plan to re-cultivate okra, then the very first pods are best left until fully ripe, so that later the seeds can be used as planting material. nine0003

Harvesting

Since all parts of the plant have pubescence in the form of small and hard hairs that cause irritation when in contact with the skin, not only harvesting, but also other care procedures, must be carried out with gloves, and the pods should be cut from the plants with a sharp secateurs.

Fruit should be harvested systematically and regularly. Being late with the harvest for 2-3 days, you risk losing part of the crop. The boxes will harden and become inedible. In addition, the constant collection of pods leads to the formation of new buds, further active flowering, the appearance of fruits, and an increase in yield. In the southern regions, the pods are harvested every other day, in the central regions of our country - after 4-5 days. Harvested vegetables should be used within the next 2-3 days. You can prolong the freshness of the pods by carefully wrapping them in plastic wrap and placing them in the vegetable section of the refrigerator. For longer storage, they are subjected to quick freezing, drying or canning. nine0003

At the end of the growing season, in late autumn, some gardeners harvest the roots of the plant. They are dug up, washed and dried, for the subsequent preparation of decoctions, infusions, which are then used as medicines.

Cooking Uses

A nutritious exotic vegetable reminiscent of baby squash or green beans. It can be eaten fresh, fried, stewed, baked, marinated, added to side dishes, salads, soups, stuffed or used as an independent dish. Okra goes well with fish, meat, ham, hot red peppers, onions, tomatoes. In India, abelmosh fruit is added to curry sauce. nine0003

Depending on the variety, fruits (pods) may be:

Such “fluffy” fruits are pretreated before cooking. In some cases, it may be sufficient to wipe the skin with a soft cloth to remove the hairs and cut off the stalk along with the adjacent sepals. nine0003

In other varieties, the skin of the pods is quite rough and tough. So that it does not spoil the dish, it must be carefully removed. This is not difficult to do if you first scald the fruits with boiling water. The process of frying, boiling or stewing does not take much time. It takes only a few minutes to prepare the dish. At the same time, the beneficial substances contained in fresh fruits do not have time to collapse.

Dark green, grey-brown or even black grains of okra resemble peas in appearance. Some housewives prepare an analogue of green peas from young seeds, although the taste of the dish is somewhat different from the original. Ripened seeds are also used. After roasting and grinding, they are used to prepare a tonic drink - a coffee substitute. It does have a chocolate-coffee flavor, but it doesn't contain caffeine. The indigenous people of Africa call it Coffee Gombo. nine0003

Contraindications

Okra fruits can not cause any harm to the body, even if consumed daily and in large enough quantities. The only contraindication to their use is individual intolerance, which can lead to an allergic reaction.

description of the plant with photo, growing from seeds, agricultural technology + video, reviews

Today, many gardeners and summer residents grow not only fruits and vegetables that are common to us, but also try to get a harvest from overseas curiosities. This occupation is very exciting, because caring for exotic plants, the gardener turns his beds into small experimental stations, and he himself becomes a researcher. Okra is still a rare plant in our backyards, and therefore a great view for those who like to experiment with new products. nine0003

Contents

Okra - plant description

Okra - a rare exotic vegetable can often be found under other names - okra, gombo, ladies' fingers, edible abelmosh.

Okra spreading

The plant is widely distributed in America, Asia, southern Europe and, of course, in its homeland - in Africa. For Russia, this is still a rather rare vegetable crop. It is grown in small plantations in the Krasnodar Territory and in the Stavropol Territory, in other territories only by amateur gardeners. nine0003

Okra planted in rows in the southern regions of Russia

Culture characteristics

Okra is a vegetable herbaceous annual of the Malvaceae family. The height of the shrub depends on the species and can be 30–40 cm in short ones and reach two meters in tall varieties. Thanks to the branched thick stem and pubescent large leaves of dark green color, the plant has a rather attractive appearance. Solitary large cream or milky flowers appearing in leaf axils add a decorative effect to the entire shrub. nine0272 The fruits are similar in structure to pepper pods - green pubescent boxes with many seeds, in some varieties they can be quite large - more than 20 cm long.

Flowering and fruiting of okra occur simultaneously

Application of okra

Okra is grown mainly as a vegetable crop. Due to its neutral taste, reminiscent of asparagus beans, it is widely used in cooking. Due to the high content of protein, vitamins, macro- and microelements, as well as low calorie content and the ability to lower cholesterol, okra is also used as a dietary product. nine0272 The seeds of the plant are rich in oil, similar in value to olive oil. The fruits also contain mucous substances with enveloping properties, so okra dishes are recommended for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. From the ripened, roasted seeds, a drink is brewed that tastes like real coffee.

Okra fruits contain a large amount of vitamins and nutrients

Sometimes on the fruits of okra there are small inclusions of burning substances. During heat treatment, the sharpness disappears, but it is better to collect and cook raw vegetables, especially large ones, with gloves on. This measure will save your hands from burns and irritation. nine0003

Video: okra - useful properties

Popular varieties of okra

Numerous varieties of okra differ from each other in the height of the shrub, the size and taste of the fruit, the duration of the growing season.

In our climatic conditions, the best yields give:

  1. Star of David is a tall variety. The fruits reach a length of 15 cm.
  2. Red velvet is a late maturing variety. Large red fruits appear 70 days after germination. nine0030
  3. White Velvet is one of the most popular varieties with beautiful white flowers and pods about 10 cm long.
  4. Clemson is a popular high yielding variety. Of particular value are large fruits of excellent taste.
  5. Blondy is a cold-resistant, fast maturing variety with numerous creamy green fruits.

Photo gallery: popular varieties of okra

Star of David - the most common tall type of okra nine0316
Variety Red velvet is decorated with bright fruits
White velvet attracts attention with beautiful snow-white flowers
Clemson varieties have a good taste of fruits
The fruits of the Blondi variety are light green in color.

Growing okra in different climatic zones

Okra is successfully grown in many regions of our country, however, planting methods for different climatic zones have their own differences. Okra is planted mainly in seedlings. Sowing seeds directly into the ground is possible only in the southern regions - Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, in the Caucasus. This is due to the fact that the culture is thermophilic and very sensitive to temperature drops.

In the central regions, in the Volga region, Siberia and the Urals, okra is planted through seedlings, and given the inconstancy of the weather, it is best to grow this crop in greenhouses or greenhouses. nine0003

For the good development of okra, it is important to choose a suitable planting site. Given its southern origin, it is necessary to allocate the most sunny and wind-protected area for it. Light fertile soil contributes to a rich harvest.

Video: growing okra in pots - useful properties

Seedling method for growing okra

Okra seeds germinate in two to four weeks, so they are pre-soaked to speed up the process. To do this, put a napkin with seeds in a saucer, moisten with water at room temperature and put in a warm place for a day. nine0003

When soaking seeds, it is important not to allow them to be completely immersed in water - the seeds must breathe. For best results, you can moisten the cloth with rain or melt water.

Sowing seeds for seedlings

Plant seeds of okra in late April - early May. It is very convenient to use individual cups for planting, preferably peat. This is due to the fact that okra seedlings have a tap root, and there are almost no lateral roots, so they endure transplantation painfully. The use of peat pots will allow you to plant seedlings in a garden bed without damaging the root system. nine0003

When using peat pots, seedlings fall into the ground without damaging the roots

Step-by-step seed sowing process
  1. Place the peat pots on a tray and fill with potting soil.
  2. Make an indentation of about 4 cm in each pot with a stick.
  3. Drop the seed into the hole and cover with earth.
  4. Sprinkle with water at room temperature.
  5. Cover the tray with the pots with cling film.
Okra seedling care

During seed germination, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of about 20 degrees and periodically ventilate the pots. After germination, the film must be removed and the seedlings placed in a bright, warm place.

Further care of seedlings comes down to timely watering and top dressing. Two weeks after germination, the plants can be fed with a complete complex fertilizer for vegetable seedlings. Such top dressing should be carried out every 12-14 days before planting seedlings in a permanent place. nine0003

Okra seedlings need to be provided with a warm and bright location

Planting seedlings in the ground

At the age of 35 - 45 days, grown and strengthened seedlings of okra are planted in a permanent place. Beds with fertile soil are prepared in the fall - mineral and organic fertilizers are applied for digging. Landing is best done in cloudy weather or in the evening. When planting tall varieties, a distance of about 90 cm is left between the bushes and 50 cm between rows. Undersized ones are planted after 60 cm and 40 cm between the rows. Planted plants are well shed and mulched with peat or humus. nine0003

Grown okra seedlings are planted in beds

Seedless method of growing okra

In the southern regions of our country with relatively long and warm summers, okra can be planted directly in the ground. Sowing is carried out when the soil is completely warm and the air temperature does not fall below 16 C.

Soaked seeds are deepened by 3-4 cm. The distance between the holes is the same as when planting seedlings. Two seeds can be placed in the hole, and later, when seedlings appear, carefully cut off the weak ones. Level the earth and water. nine0003

Care during the growing season

Okra is easy to care for and the techniques for seedling and seedless growing are the same. After the emergence of seedlings, it is necessary to prevent the soil from drying out. When fertilizing, it is desirable to alternate mineral phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and organic ones.

At first, seedlings need regular care - weeding, loosening the soil, top dressing and timely watering. As the okra grows, care is simplified - overgrown bushes do not allow the soil to dry out quickly and restrain the growth of weeds themselves. You can water adult bushes less often, but plentifully to wet the ground to a depth of 40 cm.

Bush formation

The formation of the okra bush is carried out in two ways. You can grow a plant in one trunk - breaking out emerging stepchildren. Proponents of this method argue that the branches produce little fruit, but take away the strength of the main shoot, which also loses productivity.

The second method shortens the top of the main stem, which stimulates the formation of side branches. Adherents of this cultivation believe that such molding gives a greater yield. And apparently, only experiments on their own site will help the amateur decide which method is preferable. nine0003

Fruiting okra

Approximately two months after germination, the okra begins to bloom, and after a week the first harvest can be taken. The fruits must be picked regularly, because, after hanging for an extra two or three days, they become rough and inedible. In the south, the harvest is carried out every other day, in areas with a colder climate - every 4-5 days.

Collection of okra fruits

Fruiting of okra lasts until late autumn, but with a decrease in air temperature, the growth of pods sharply slows down. nine0003

Care must be taken when harvesting okra, as the plant is covered with tough, fine hairs that irritate the skin. Therefore, it is better to work with this culture with gloves.

Diseases of okra

Okra is at risk from diseases characteristic of plants of the Malvaceae family.

Blackleg is a fungal disease. Often affects stems of okra seedlings. A diseased plant should be removed immediately so that neighboring plants do not become infected. To prevent the occurrence of a black leg, high humidity should be prevented, plants should be ventilated more often if they grow in a greenhouse. nine0003

When preparing the soil for seedlings and subsequent planting in open ground, it is advisable to shed it with a solution of phytosporin. This microbiological preparation is effective for the treatment and prevention of many fungal and bacterial diseases.

Rust is a dangerous fungal disease. Appears as yellow spots on leaves, stems and buds. On the inside of the leaf, brownish tuberous clusters are found - spores of the fungus. Affected plants usually die. If a diseased plant is found, it must be immediately removed and all plantings inspected. nine0003

Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease. On the leaves of the affected plant, a white coating can be seen, the plant develops poorly, takes ugly forms. It is necessary to remove all leaves with a white coating.

Photo gallery: diseases of okra

Sprouts affected by blackleg
Rust - fungal spores on the underside of the leaf
nine0317
The first sign of powdery mildew is the appearance of a white coating on the leaves.

Curative and prophylactic measures

To combat fungal diseases, it is recommended to spray with a solution of phytosporin not only diseased plants, but also neighboring ones, as well as the soil around them. The instructions for the drug describe in detail how to prepare the drug and how often to repeat the treatment.

To prevent the occurrence of diseases, when growing okra, you should follow the basic rules of agricultural technology:

  • observe crop rotation;
  • avoid thickening of plantings;
  • remove excess leaves, especially those touching the ground;
  • fight weeds and pests, because they are often the carriers of diseases.

Errors in the application of top dressings lead to weakening of plants and a decrease in immunity. Excess nitrogen and lack of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers can provoke the occurrence of fungal diseases.

nine0006 Okra pests

Of the insect pests, the most likely danger to okra is aphids, thrips, cabbage scoops.

Aphid is a frequent garden visitor, draws the juices from the leaves, weakening the plant. An accumulation of small gray or green insects can be seen on the top of the plant and on the underside of the leaf.

Thrips are sedentary small insects that cause significant damage to plants. Settling on the leaves and buds, they draw the juice from the plant. After their meal, holes remain on the plants, into which all kinds of fungi can penetrate, so the fight against this pest must be started without delay. nine0003

Cabbage scoop is a caterpillar that devours both leaves and fruits of okra. In a very short time, the pest is able to leave the gardener without a crop not only of okra, but also of many other crops.

Photo gallery: okra pests

Aphids, having settled on the crown, quickly spread throughout the plant
Thrips pulling juice from a plant, weaken it nine0316
Cabbage scoop devours leaves and spoils fruits

Pest control

Observing simple rules when growing okra, you can prevent the appearance of pests. It is very important not to allow the beds to be thickened, to weed out the weeds in time. Regular inspection of plants will help to notice the pest until the moment when it becomes difficult to fight it, and the damage is tangible. Plantings should be sprayed with insecticide the first time insects are found. Today on the shelves of stores a wide range of all kinds of pest control products. Among this set, I would single out Fitoverm - a biological drug, low toxicity and safe for the environment. Fruits and vegetables treated with Fitoverm can be eaten after two days. nine0003

Collection, use and storage of okra crops

Harvested okra fruits are not subject to long-term storage. When fresh, they should be used within two to three days after removal. You can eat the vegetable raw, stewed or fried, as a side dish, salad ingredients or as an independent dish. For cooking, young pods are taken, washed and scalded with boiling water. From fruits prepared in this way, you can easily remove the skin. This must be done so that the rough skin does not spoil the taste of the dish. Okra is prepared quickly, in just a few minutes, and its beneficial properties are not destroyed. nine0003

Okra stewed with vegetables

Quick freezing, drying or canning is used to preserve okra fruits for a long time.

Okra harvest will delight gardeners and gardeners, regardless of whether it is grown in a greenhouse or outdoors. And dishes prepared from this dietary product will diversify and enrich any diet.