Plants for mediterranean climate
Mediterranean Climate Agriculture | ECHOcommunity.org
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Atemoya
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Fruit Tree Crops Annonas
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Cantaloupe
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Garden Vegetables
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Chickpea
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It is grown as a cool season annual in a broad belt through the Mediterranean region to the subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, Europe, Central, and South America. The...
Vegetable Legumes Grain Legumes (Pul...
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Chinese Jujube
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Fruit Tree Crops
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Chinese Kale
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After the first cutting of the main stem, the plant will grow many branches for... Leafy Vegetables Garden Vegetables
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Cucumber
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Garden Vegetables
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Coriander / Cilantro
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Seeds are used whole or ground in bread, cheeses, curry, sausages, and soups. Herbs
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Crimson Clover
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Foxtail Millet
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High Carotene Carrot
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Roots and Tubers
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Italian Edible Gourd/Cucuzzi
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The fruit is harvested... Squash and Gourds ... Garden Vegetables
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Oregano
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Herbs
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Parsley
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Herbs
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Radish
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They are grown for their slightly spicy roots. Roots and Tubers JCB
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Sesame
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Grain Crops Industrial Crops
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Sunflower
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Industrial Crops Garden Vegetables
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True Red Cranberry Bean
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It is a pole bean that blossoms and sets pods over the course of a growing season. Beans from this species serve as a major protein source for humans. Cranberry Bean was first grown in South... Vegetable Legumes Grain Legumes (Pul...
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White Clover
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White Lupine
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The beans are... Pasture and Forage... Green Manures and ...
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TN #3 Citrus Propagation & Rootstocks
1983-01-01 What are the advantages and disadvantages of growing citrus from seed when that is possible? One obvious advantage is that it is much less labor intensive to simply sow citrus seeds and eliminate the grafting step. Another advantage is that the seedling will most likely be free from viruses that...Citrus Propagation Rootstock
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TN #24 Onions in the Tropics and Subtropics
1992-01-01 A case could be made that onions are one of two universal vegetables that are cherished in almost every culture, tomatoes being the other. Both are difficult to grow in many tropical and subtropical climates. Where a vegetable is both popular and difficult to grow, it brings a good price. If a...Onion
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TN #38 Cashew
1999-01-01 The cashew, Anacardium occidentale, is a resilient and fast-growing evergreen tree that can grow to a height of 20 m (60 ft).
It belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, which also contains poison ivy and the mango. Native to arid northeastern Brazil, the cashew was taken around the world by the... Nuts Cashew Anacardium occiden...
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ECHO Plant Information - Industrial Crops
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ECHO Online Seed Catalog: Semi-Arid/Dryland Tropics Bundle
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Dryland Farming: Crops & Techniques for Arid Regions
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A large part of the surface of the world is arid, characterized as too dry for conventional rain fed agriculture. Yet, millions of people live in such regions, and if current trends in... Dryland Farming Arid Crops JCB
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Grown in Asia - Lesser Known Crops of Significance
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Tropical Food Crops Tropical Fruit Agroforestry Asia
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Livestock Services and the Poor
2004-01-20 This Report is a joint product of IFAD, DANIDA, World Bank, DAAS, University of Reading and national institutions in Bangladesh, Bolivia, Denmark, India and Kenya.
The judgements made herein do not necessarily reflect their views. Designations employed in this Report do not imply the expression... Livestock Development
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Vegetative Propagation Techniques
2007-11-18 This manual was produced by Roots of Peace under USAID subcontract No. GS-10F- 0359M, Task Order #306-M-00-05-00515-00, Afghanistan Alternative Livelihoods Program for the Eastern Region. It was written by Ferenc Sandor of Roots of Peace, with support from Juan Estrada of DAI for the use by Roots... -
Small Scale Vegetable Oil Extraction
1997-01-19 CARAPHIN NEWS. Dr. Pamela Anderson writes that"CARAPHIN NEWS provides a medium for disseminating technical information on matters related to agricultural and environmental health, particularly information that is generated in and should be shared within the Caribbean Region. MALL SCALE VEGETABLE... -
Traditional Techniques to Improve Plant Performance
2005-10-01 An article by Francis Hallé in Nature and Resources, Volume 32, Number 3, 1996, explains several techniques used to “improve, select, propagate or preserve plant growth.
” These techniques are called “phytopractices.” Most of them are inexpensive and simple to use but labor-intensive. The... Propagation Fruit Tree Crops Cassava Banana
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Control of Mites in Honey Bees
2001-10-20 Varroa mites (two strains of Varroa destructor), which parasitize the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) over much of the world, can seriously weaken and even kill honey bee colonies. Some possibilities for control are discussed.Insects Pest Control Biological Control Honeybee
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Good Agricultural Practices for Greenhouse Vegetable Crops
2013-01-20 Principles for Mediterranean climate areas A very significant event in the world history of Agriculture is the domestication of plants by mankind. Instead of depending on wild growth, it was realized that the planting of seeds or cuttings allowed the propagation of the type of plants desired.
... Greenhouse
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Olive Mill Pomace Treatment: Composting as Organic Fertilizer
In modern olive mills, the most common method for extracting olive oil from the olive paste is two-phase decanter. Because the two-phase extraction system is less complicated, consumes less energy and yields higher quality olive oil, there is approximately 90% olive mills in Spain using this...Olives Olive Industry and... Oil Extraction
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Evaluation of two groups of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) accessions with different seed colours for adaptation to the Mediterranean environment
Abstract, 2018,Crop and Pasture Science Agronomic and seed-quality traits in 17 quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.) accessions grouped according to seed colour (i.e. ochre and yellow) were investigated and compared with the white commercial cultivar Regalona-Baer. These accessions were previously.
.. Quinoa Mediterranean
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Oilseeds & Small Scale Oil Extraction
2013-01-20Extraction Oil Extraction Oil Processing ECHO Resources Oilseeds
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International Crops Research Institute for the semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is an international non-profit organization that undertakes scientific research for development.Dryland Farming Key Resource Underutilized Crops
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Dry Land Gardens
2014-03-20Dryland Farming East Africa
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Agricultural Prosperity for Dry Africa
2016-01-19 Prof. Dov Pasternak working in Israel, was among the pioneers of drip irrigation. He researched irrigation with saline water and conducted domestication of arid land crops.
He received a UNESCO Chair for his work on desert research. For over 10 years Prof. Pasternak worked as Principal Scientist... Irrigation
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Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds Recipes
Amaranth Artichoke Asparagus Beans (Common) Beans (Asian) Beans (Fava) Beans (Garbanzo) Beans (Lima) Beans (Long) Beans (Soy) Beets Bok Choy Broccoli Brussels Sprouts Cabbage Carrots Cauliflower Celery and Celeriac Chicory & Radicchio Chinese Cabbage Collards Corn Cowpeas Cucumbers Eggplant...
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(Image credit: Miriam Heppell/Alamy)
Sun-loving Mediterranean plants are tough and drought-tolerant yet beautiful.
The natural planting scheme combines a tapestry of different colors and textures using perennial plants that like to bake in the sun.
Colors tend to be from a muted palette of soft gray-greens and mauve-blues that creates a painterly effect, but bright splashes of color are welcome, too.
Mediterranean plants like a sunny south-facing position if they’re going to thrive and they do well in poor soil, with many happy even to settle their roots straight into gravel, which, of course, makes them the perfect complement to your Mediterranean garden ideas.
The mild winters and hot dry summers of the Mediterranean lends itself to drifts of hardy and low-growing plants that like these conditions including lavender, herbs, succulents and grasses. So if your garden faces south and you have mild winters, these Mediterranean plants will suit your space.
Mediterranean plants
The planting most commonly associated with Mediterranean garden design are naturalistic and wild, inspired by the landscape of Provence but also feature more formal schemes in the style of colorful Andalusian courtyards with terracotta pots filled with bright blooms.
Our pick of the best Mediterranean plants will suit whichever style of Mediterranean garden or flower bed ideas you end up choosing.
1. Nerium oleander (rose bay)
(Image credit: Hemjaa/GettyImages)
With clusters of pink, red or white flowers in summer on evergreen foliage, oleander is a highly prized ornamental shrub seen everywhere in the Mediterranean. It’s ideal in a container in a sunny spot on the patio, especially as some oleander shrubs are scented too for you to enjoy up close.
Height: 5 to 8ft (1.5 to 2.5m)
Spread: 3 to 5ft (1 to 1.5m)
2. Mediterranean spurge (Eurphorbia characias wulfenii)
(Image credit: Seven75/GettyImages)
Showy architectural perennial with spires of frothy lime green-yellow flowers that thrives in any gravel garden or sunny border where poor soil is not a problem. It loves baking in a sun-drenched spot where it will happily spread around to fill the space
Height: 2ft 9in (90cm)
Spread: 2ft 9in (90cm)
3.
Geranium palmatum (Canary Island geranium)(Image credit: Perlaroques/GettyImages)
The large magenta flowers of this pretty evergreen perennial bloom reliably from June to September and are a showy addition to the summer garden. The foliage is flushed with red in winter, too, for an ornamental addition to the garden. It thrives in milder regions and sheltered spots.
Height: 3 to 5ft (1 to 1.5m)
Spread: 1 to 3ft (0.5 to 1m).
4. Echium pininana (bugloss)
(Image credit: Antonio Siwiak/Alamy Stock Photo)
This is a true sun lover with its preferred location one of baking heat in a southern climate. It has giant ornamental spikes of either rose-pink, purple-blue or white flowers that bees and butterflies love. Once the flowers have faded, shake the seeds around the garden to get more plants.
Height: 5ft 9in (1.8m)
Spread: 2ft 9in (90cm)
5. Agapanthus
(Image credit: Irina Polonina/GettyImages)
If you love Mediterranean blues you’ll love exotic agapanthus, which come in every shade from pale powder blue to dark inky midnight hues.
They need full sun and well-drained soil. Grow them in tall pots and overwinter under cover or protect crowns from frost in the garden.
Height: 1 to 3ft (30 to 90cm)
Spread: 1ft (30cm)
6. Santolina neapolitana
(Image credit: SIAATH/GettyImages)
Also known by the charming name of rosemary-leaved lavender cotton, this aromatic dwarf evergreen shrub with feathery foliage is covered with cool lemon button-shaped flowers all summer long. It’s easy to grow in containers, gravel gardens and borders.
Height: 4 to 19in (10 to 50cm)
Spread: 19 to 38in (50 to 100cm)
7. Echinops 'Veitch's Blue' (globe thistle)
(Image credit: Natalija Juric/GettyImages)
A favorite with bees and butterflies, this architecturally striking plant works best in a gravel garden or sunny border among other Mediterranean plants that also love parched conditions. It has globes of dark blue flowers in summer and the spiny gray leaves add interest, too.
Height: 3ft (90cm)
Spread: 18in (45cm)
8. Achillea ‘Taygetea’ (yarrow)
(Image credit: Martin Hughes Jones/Alamy Stock Photo)
Clusters of large, pale lemon flat flowerheads appear on gently branching stems above grayish-green leaves in summer and autumn. These long-flowering perennials are the star of natural planting schemes, a magnet for attracting butterflies and attracting bees, and love a hot dry spot in the yard.
Height: 24in (60cm)
Spread: 18in (45cm)
9. Cotinus coggygria (smoke bush)
(Image credit: Olena Lialina/GettyImages)
The feathery panicles of this easy-to-grow shrub add a hazy veil of color to summer borders as well as spectacular fiery shades in fall when the leaves turn sunset yellow, orange and red. The poorer the soil, the more this will thrive.
Height: 13 to 26ft (4 to 8m)
Spread: 13 to 26ft (4 to 8m)
10. Phlomis tuberosa ‘Amazone’ (Jerusalem Sage)
(Image credit: Nick Kurzenko/GettyImages)
The tall, dark upright stems of this robust perennial bear many lilac-pink flowers that look like frilled chandeliers.
Once the flowers fade, phlomis retains a dramatic presence in the border with its architectural seed heads that look striking among late-flowering perennials and grasses.
Height: 4ft (1.2m)
Spread: 3ft (90cm)
What plants grow in a Mediterranean garden?
Plant that grow in a Mediterranean garden include lavender, rosemary and other herbs including mint, chives and parsley, shrubs like oleander, lantana, jasmine and plumbago, climbers including bougainvillea, passion flower and Solanum jasminoides, cacti and succulents, salvia, artemisia, catmint and blue fescue.
‘Don’t forget to consider trees for a Mediterranean garden,’ says Lucy Searle, global editor in chief of Homes & Gardens. ‘You could plant cypress trees, palms, or citrus trees as well as beautiful olive trees.’
What soil do Mediterranean plants like?
Mediterranean plants like very well-drained soil that isn’t too heavy – and you may need to improve drainage before planting them.
Wet and waterlogged soil will not see them thrive. Many will tolerate drought conditions, but do check as some benefit from moisture-retentive soil during summer.
‘If you’re including gardenias and camellias, bear in mind that these need acidic soil,’ says Lucy Searle, global editor in chief of Homes & Gardens.
Lifestyle journalist Sarah Wilson has been writing about gardens since 2015. As well as homesandgardens.com she's written for Gardeningetc.com, Livingetc.com, Easy Gardens and Modern Gardens magazines. Her first job on glossy magazines was at Elle, during which time a visit to the legendary La Colombe d'Or in St-Paul-de-Vence led to an interest in all things gardening. Later as lifestyle editor at Country Homes & Interiors magazine the real pull was the run of captivating country gardens that were featured.
8 trendy Mediterranean plants for balconies and terraces
Tips
1. LEMONS
The mid-latitude climate does not allow growing citrus trees outdoors.
But who will stop lovers of lemons - especially since they grow well and bear fruit in a pot! On top of the luxury of having your own windowsill-grown lemons, you get the added bonus of a beautiful tree with a subtle, summery scent! A homemade lemon can grow up to three meters in height and, with proper care, produce up to 200 fruits per year. The main thing is not to forget to water it regularly.
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2. OLIVE TREES
Olive groves are a symbol of the Mediterranean. No other tree can create a Mediterranean atmosphere in the house better than the olive. The homeland of olive trees is the subtropics, so they need a lot of light and sun. The best place for them is a windowsill or balcony on the south side. Olives love to be in the fresh air, therefore, with the advent of heat, regularly take them out to a sunny, wind-protected place.
And don't forget to water! The hotter it is outside, the more water they need.
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- Getty
3. LAVENDER
Lavender is associated with the endless fields of Provence — with their bright blue and spicy smell of herbs heated by the southern sun. What could be better for those who are forced to spend the summer in the city! Lavender grows well in a pot in urban areas, as long as it has enough sun. Be sure to water the plant regularly several times a week and occasionally add fertilizer for longer flowering. Lavender flowers can be used for baking, and bunches of dried herbs can be used to decorate a room in the fall.
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- Getty
4. FIG TREE
Figs are another "southern guest" who feels great in a city apartment.
Fairy fig trees do well in a pot and bear fruit in July and September. Like all Mediterranean plants, figs need sun, warmth and regular watering to grow well. Once a year, the tree needs to be replanted, picking up a pot 2-3 cm wider than the volume of the root system.
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- Ellos Home
5. HIBISCUS
Despite its obvious tropical origin, hibiscus thrives in our climate and can live indoors all year round without any problems. Hibiscus loves moisture and the sun and feels best on the sunny south side, but in the heat you should move the plant away from the glass or something to obscure from direct rays. At the same time, the flower will immediately respond to the lack of sun by dropping leaves or buds. Don't forget to water it regularly and bathe it occasionally - and the hibiscus will thank you with its vibrant flowers!
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- Getty
6.
BOugainvillea Snow-white facades, tiled roofs, cozy balconies and terracotta terraces entwined with bright scarlet flowers are the calling card of Mediterranean cities. But even in our latitudes, this exotic plant can be grown in pots and tubs, if you are not afraid of its capricious nature. Bougainvillea loves sunlight and does not like being moved from place to place: even with a slight turn of the pot, it can begin to protest and drop leaves. Therefore, if you decide to acquire this southern beauty, immediately look for a permanent place for a flower - well-lit, on the south or west side. And keep in mind that bougainvillea is a climbing plant that will need to be tied up when it grows up.
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- Getty
7. ROSEMARY
Spicy herbs with the aroma and taste of the Mediterranean are a 100% must have this summer, and rosemary will be a great solution for growing on the windowsill, on the balcony and on the terrace.
It will not only delight you with its smell, but will also come in handy as seasonings for many dishes. The main plus: this plant is a perennial, so it will retain its beautiful decorative appearance for more than one season. The main thing is not to be zealous with watering, he does not like this and does not tolerate long-term stagnation of moisture at the roots. Water it only when the topsoil is dry.
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- Getty
8. THYME
Thyme is another spice that loves lots of sun and a dry climate. With a magical aroma and pleasant taste, it is ideal for all summer dishes. Thyme is not particularly picky and doesn't require much care - just use a pot with holes to ensure good drainage. Also, when buying seeds, learn that many varieties of thyme are decorative and not suitable for human consumption. For culinary needs, common thyme, lemon and caraway are most often chosen.
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Selection of plants for the Mediterranean climate
The Mediterranean climate is characterized by very hot and dry summers and mild winters. Plants that we want to have in regions with such a climate must withstand strong summer sun as well as lack of rain , especially if we are going to plant them in a garden that does not require special care.
Finding plants for the Mediterranean climate can sometimes be a very difficult task, as we don't always find the ones we like.
But it won't happen to you again. In this issue we will tell you
ARBOLES
Ornamental
Let's not kid ourselves: ornamental trees planted in gardens with a Mediterranean climate need at least weekly watering, especially in summer. But these are very decorative species that grow well on the limestone soils typical of these regions. Of these, we recommend:
- Baileyana Acacia (Mimosa): an evergreen tree with yellow flowers that resemble a small pompom 1 cm high. It grows up to 8 meters in height.
- Albizia julibrissin (Silk tree): Deciduous tree up to 15 m high, with a wide crown and pink inflorescence.
- Bauhinia variegated (Cow's foot tree): deciduous tree up to 12m high. The leaves are oval, up to 20 cm, the flowers are pink or white.
- European scarlet (Tree of love): Deciduous tree up to 6 m high with simple, rounded leaves and purple inflorescences.
- Prunus pissardii (Ornamental cherry): Deciduous tree up to 15 m high, with purple leaves and pink flowers.
Fruit trees
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There are very few fruit trees and most need a lot of water. However, there are those that tolerate periods of drought well:
- Ficus Carica (fig tree): Deciduous, grows up to 5 meters. In the summer (August in the Northern Hemisphere), it produces sweet-tasting figs.
- Prunus dulcis (almond): is the only Prunus species that has managed to establish itself in the Mediterranean. Grows up to 6-7 meters, deciduous. At the end of winter, it is filled with white flowers, and in autumn its fruits - almonds - ripen.
- Punica pomegranate (pomegranate): It is a tree up to 6 meters high with deciduous leaves. In autumn and winter, its fruits ripen - pomegranates.
- Olea Europaea (Olive): This is an evergreen tree growing up to 5-6 meters. Fruits in autumn.
Shrub
Shrubs are very useful when you want to have your dream patio or terrace or need to fill empty spaces in gardens. If you live in a Mediterranean climate, we suggest the following:
- Myrtifolia Polygala (polygala): A plant that grows up to 2 m in height. It has evergreen leaves and very decorative pink flowers.
- Nerium oleander (oleander): plant reaching a height of 2-3m. It has evergreen leaves and flowers that can be white, pink, or red. This is a poisonous plant.
- African tamarix (container): shrub or small tree up to 3 m tall. The flowers are very small, pinkish, but very abundant.
- euonymous : Very ornamental evergreen, green or variegated. Grows up to 3 m in height.
Climbing plants
Climbing bushes are something that pleases a garden or terrace, especially if they produce bright flowers. Most commonly used:
- Bouganvillea sp (all species): deciduous plant with pink, orange, red or white flowers. Grows up to 6 m in height. You need support.
- Plumbago auriculata (graphite): plant with showy bluish or white flowers. It grows up to 3 m tall, so it is usually planted on balconies or on walls facing the street to cover them.
- Jasmine officinalis (jasmine): is a plant that grows up to 6-7 meters. It is distinguished by white flowers that exude a pleasant and mild fragrance. He also needs support to grow.
Fragrant
Fragrant plants are those plants that smell wonderful in the place where they grow. Most commonly used in Mediterranean climates:
- Rosemary officinalis (Rosemary): Has small, lanceolate, green leaves and lilac flowers.
It can grow up to 1 m in height, but usually does not exceed 40-50 cm. - Lavandula sp (all types of lavender): These are plants that are not only fragrant, but also repel mosquitoes. They grow, depending on the species, up to 1 m in height.
- Petroselinum Crispum (parsley): This is a perennial herb that is mainly grown in pots. It has very bright green leaves, and its height reaches 30 cm.
- Salvia officinalis (sage): This species is one of those that best tolerate the conditions of this climate. It has grey-green leaves and purple flowers. Grows up to 50 cm in height.
- Thymus vulgaris (thyme): Plant up to 40 cm tall with very small green or grayish green leaves. Flowers purple or white.
Flowers
A garden without flowers is a garden where something is missing, there is no color, there is no life. Even if you are in an area with a Mediterranean climate, you can also have a very cheerful garden with these flowers:
- Gazania Rigens (Gazania): This curious perennial plant has flowers that open in the sun and remain closed on cloudy days.
Flowers that certainly look like daisies are white, orange or red. - Calendula officinalis (calendula): The plant is grown as an annual. It grows up to 50 cm tall and has orange flowers.
- Dimorfoteka eklonis (dimorphotheca): This is a perennial herb reaching 30-40 cm in height, with red, white or lilac flowers.
- Lobelia erinus (lobelia): A plant that behaves like a short-lived perennial in moderate winter temperatures. When it blooms, it fills with lovely little lilac flowers. It grows up to 20 cm tall and you should know that it is poisonous.
Palm trees and the like
Palm trees and those plants that have a similar appearance are often used to give the exotic and tropical touch that is so popular in these gardens. But what are their names?
- Butia head (Jelly Palm): a palm tree growing up to 6 meters in height.
Leaves pinnate, slightly curved, stem thickness up to 45 cm. - Chamaerops humilis (Palmetto): palm multiicaule, i.e. multi-stemmed, with palmate green leaves. It grows up to 2 m in height, and the thickness of the trunk is up to 30 cm.
- Cycas revoluta: This plant grows up to 1.5 or 2 m in height. This is not a palm tree, but the truth is that they are very similar.
- Furfurian Zamia (Zamia): is a plant with pinnate leaves, with wide leaves up to 1 cm. It is not a palm tree.
Succulent plants
Cactus
Cacti are those plants, mostly thorny, that are lacking either in xerogardens or in patios. All are highly recommended as they support the Mediterranean's intense solar radiation like no other plant, but we recommend the following:
- Ferocactus sp (all species): spiked cactus in very interesting colors: yellow, intense red, orange.
Its flowers are small but decorative, ranging from red to white grading through yellow. They reach 50-60 cm in height. - Echinocactus sp (all species): Spiny globular cacti with very showy flowers, except for Echinocactus grussoni which has very small ones. Depending on the species, they reach a height of 10 to 70 cm.
- Rebutia sp (all species): small cacti up to 15 cm high, spherical with thorns and showy large flowers up to 2 cm in diameter.
Succulents
Succulents are those that store water in their leaves. They do not have thorns, so they can be kept in gardens where there are children and/or pets without any problems. Most recommended:
- Sedum Spectabilis: Plant up to 40 cm high, with green and toothed leaves and pink clusters of inflorescences.
- Aloe sp: There are many types of aloe you can consume, including aloe vera, aloe arborescens, plicatilis aloe, or saponaria aloe.
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