Plan a flower garden
How to Start a Flower Garden: 3 Steps for Beginners
Learn how to start a flower garden or make your existing flower beds burst with color and excitement By Linda Hagen; updated 9/3/20
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This terraced flower garden features layers of vibrant color.
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A splash of bright orange poppies brightens up a flower border.
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Color, size and shape variations work together to enliven a flower bed without being overwhelming.
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The repetition of purple throughout this flower garden brings unity to the design.
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Subtly layering flowers from low-growers to tall spires keeps sight lines intact and creates a more natural look.
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If you’ve always dreamed of having a gorgeous flower garden, now is the time to make it happen. Starting a flower garden is both fun and rewarding. Follow these guidelines for beginners and you’ll be off to a great start.
Step 1 - Know Your Garden
- Know your site: The first step in creating the perfect flower garden is to familiarize yourself with the area you want to plant. Landscape architect, Mary Ellen Cowan suggests, “Really know your site. Listen to Mother Nature to learn about your land’s traits. Be honest with light, moisture conditions, and the topography.”
- Know your soil: An important tip to ensure a successful flower garden is to do a soil test. Erin Benzakein, owner of Floret Flower Farm, explains, “To collect soil samples, dig a hole 1 foot deep, gather a few tablespoons, then repeat throughout your garden until a quart-sized jar is full. You can send your soil to a testing lab like the UMass Soil and Plant Nutrient Testing Laboratory (soiltest.umass.edu) and use the result to amend your soil before planting.”
- Know your flowers: Cowan also says, “Learn what plants grow well in your soil. From there, you can figure out what to do design-wise.” Carol Bornstein, horticulturist at the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, recommends “visiting nearby natural areas that mimic your conditions in the wild to discover the flowers that you like.” Not sure where to start? Check out this list: 21 Easiest Flowers for Beginners.
- Know your frost cycle: To make sure your newly planted garden will survive the seasons, you will need to know your area’s average last and first frost dates. Benzakein notes this will affect when you start seeds and will allow you to plant varieties that will grow into autumn. Starting your seeds about 4 to 6 weeks before the average last frost date will give your plants a jump start. The plants will fill in faster and cut down on weeds. If you don’t have a greenhouse to start your seeds in, a covered seed tray indoors under growing lights will work.
Step 2 - Create Your Color Palette
- Create unity: When choosing a color scheme, Bornstein suggests picking one that will “help unify the landscape.” Using variations and different tones of the same color can make an impact without dominating.
- Create excitement: While sticking to a few similar hues can create a feeling of harmony, complimentary colors—opposites on the color wheel—create juxtaposition. For example, the combination of blue and yellow is fresh, lively, and summery. “In a sunny spot, warm tones like yellows, oranges, and reds make the most of the light, especially during the ‘golden hours,’ when the sun rises or sets. However, on their own, hot colors can appear rather flat. Blues compliment the yellows, creating harmony and vibrancy. Occasional splashes of hot orange and red add a little thrill,” says Keith Wiley of Wildside, his garden in Devon, England.
- Create peaceful areas: Wiley adds that it is prudent to practice restraint, as too much variety can feel tiring. “You can’t have everything screaming at you in the garden. Separate areas with intense color or high drama with neutrals,” says Bill Thomas of Chanticleer. Above all, landscape designer and author of Heaven is a Garden, Jan Johnsen encourages the use of colors you personally enjoy in your garden.
Step 3 - Design Like a Pro
- Design with shape: When designing a flower garden, world-renowned Dutch garden designer Piet Oudolf suggests that shape is a good place to start. Perennials have several basic shapes: spires, plumes, daisies, buttons, globes, umbels, and screens. Try putting different shapes together and see if they spark off each other. Some combinations will be vibrant and dynamic, others may clash. Planting similar flower shapes together can reinforce an idea.
- Design with repetition: The repetition of key shapes or colors provides a sense of calm and visual unity. Ideally, advises Wiley, plants you repeat should have a long season, not look untidy after flowering, and flourish in the garden’s conditions. Strategic repetition of flowers offers continuity when moving from one area of the garden to another.
- Design in layers: Matt James, in his book, How to Plant a Garden, states, “When planting, try to pull one layer subtly into another — and vice versa — to create a more natural look, rather than simply arrange the layers like a staircase.” Oudolf warns that you can “lose plants in the back,” so it is important to make sure sight lines remain to see flowers at the rear of a border.
- Design in combinations: “Think in terms of plant combinations rather than individual species,” suggests Sean Hogan of Cistus Nursery near Portland, Oregon. Mixing plant heights, sizes, colors, scale, and textures keeps the garden engaging in all seasons. Relaxed plantings will provide color, movement and a meadow-like feel.
- Design with fragrance and movement: Dan Hinkley, plant hunter and author, has discovered what he enjoys most in his garden — fragrance and movement. “These elements of a garden aren’t included in the design often enough.” He advises to take advantage of natural breeze patterns to allow the scents of flowers to waft toward your home or patio areas.
Bonus Flower Garden Tips
- For a more productive flower garden and to encourage longer stems (better for cut flowers and floral design), Benzakein advises to plant flowers close together. “This will reduce weeds and increase the number of flowers you produce. ”
- If you are growing flowers for cutting, “Don’t forget to grow foliage and filler plants for arrangements,” says Benzakein.
- Donna Hackman, retired garden designer, recommends that if you want your flowers to spill over in a natural way, but don’t want them within reach of the mower’s blades, install rectangles of flagstone around the beds. Also, keep paths between flower beds wide, so flowers won’t be trampled underfoot when walking through the garden.
- Hackman also suggests choosing smaller cultivars to reduce pruning work and planting shrubs at the center of your flower beds to provide year-round structure and height.
With seemingly endless design options, these tips will guide you in making the best choices when starting a flower garden, allowing you to sit back on a nice afternoon and enjoy the fruits—or blossoms—of your labor.
Related:
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22 Ideas for Perennial Flower Garden Designs
How to plan a gorgeous perennial flower garden layout
Reviewed by
Kathleen Miller
Reviewed by Kathleen Miller
Kathleen Miller is a highly-regarded Master Gardener and Horticulturist who shares her knowledge of sustainable living, organic gardening, farming, and landscape design. She founded Gaia's Farm and Gardens, a working sustainable permaculture farm, and writes for Gaia Grows, a local newspaper column. She has over 30 years of experience in gardening and sustainable farming.
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The Spruce / Adelyn Duchala
Some of the most luscious perennial gardens look like they just kind of happen, don't they? Lush cottage-style flower beds overflowing with color tend to be a result of well-designed perennial garden ideas, taking into equal consideration where and what to plant. Read on to find 22 suggestions and ideas on how to layout, design, and plant a perennial garden that is visually appealing, becomes low-maintenance over time, and thrives in its space.
How to Design a Perennial Flower Garden
There are a few broad steps to consider when choosing a plant and deciding where it will go in your garden.
- Step 1, Zones: Learn your planting zone so you can then begin to choose appropriate perennial plants.
- Step 2, Sizes: Know how tall the plants you choose will grow and spread over time. What is the mature size of the plant? It helps to know this information so you can choose plants of differing heights to group together in your garden design.
- Step 3, Blooms: Learn about each plant's bloom time and how long it will flower. You want to include plants that flower throughout the season so you will always have color. Choose plants with flowers that can stand up to your area's weather because some plants might be too vulnerable to damage from wind, rain, or heat. Also, consider fragrance—some plants have surprising malodorous scents, such as the yellow alyssum, which does not smell sweet like its cousin.
- Step 4, Colors: Know whether the flowers you choose will have blooms and foliage that change color over time. If they change, when and what colors should you expect? Check the plant's cultivars for different colors you'd prefer in your design.
- Step 5, Habitats: Does the plant you want have specific light, soil, or water needs that differ from surrounding plants? For example, black cohosh and bleeding heart do best in perennial shade gardens, but not in full sun. Group plants with similar watering needs. For example, if you are planning a xeriscape garden, don't include a perennial plant like astilbe which needs the type of moist soil that drought-resistant types do not. Learn what pests and diseases may afflict the plant or any adjacent plants.
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01 of 22
Get the Big Picture
@thepsychgarden / Instagram
Look at your garden from a distance and see how the plantings work together. When we work in the garden, we're often "up close and personal" with plants, but designing requires stepping back to get a more comprehensive perspective of your space. This is especially important if you have trees and large shrubs in your landscape—consider the entire impact of your design. Step back to take in the big picture and see how your plantings balance and flow into one another.
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02 of 22
Plant Bulbs for Early Spring Color
@gardenfromscratch / Instagram
You can't beat spring bulbs for low-effort color in spring. But, they only bloom for a few weeks. By planting your spring bulbs (crocuses, daffodils, hyacinths, and tulips) by your hostas and daylilies, the bulb foliage will be dying back once the foliage from these later season plants starts to emerge. This makes for great use of space and fills in the gaps between seasons of bloom.
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03 of 22
Arrange Plants By Height
@thepsychgarden / Instagram
Most of the time, you will want to put taller plants in the back of the bed and shorter ones in front. Exceptions can be plants with very delicate sprays of flowers, or tall slender stems with flowers at the very top, which can go in front even if their stems are taller than the plants they're in front of (like alliums, salvias, coral bells/heucheras, veronica, columbines, bluebells, or forget-me-nots).
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04 of 22
Create Visual Patterns with Color
@thepsychgarden / Instagram
Planting to create a pattern of color to draw the eye is a well-known landscape designer's trick. See how the purple foliage of these heucheras creates a dynamic pattern that leads the eye across the garden and connects them to the purple tones of the Japanese maples. The purple-toned foliage of these heucheras and Japanese maples creates a dynamic pattern that leads the eye.
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05 of 22
Strive for Interesting Shapes and Textures
@paintedleafhostagarden / Instagram
Plant strategically to create a lively combination of shapes and textures. Even a simple shade garden can balance the sturdy rounded or pointed leaves of hostas with the delicate textures of heuchera leaves and flowers, airy astilbes, and spiky ferns. Consider also how a plant's texture may change as the season progresses. The delicate airy texture of heuchera flowers (coral bells) is a perfect contrast to the heavier shapes and textures of hostas in this shade garden.
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06 of 22
Try Color Blocking
@thepsychgarden / Instagram
Some gardeners like to have a large variety of plants in their mixed perennial beds. But there is something to be said for the dramatic impact of a large area blooming with vibrant color, making your garden into a seasonal show-stopper. This is especially effective with long-blooming perennial flowers like columbines, echinacea, hydrangeas, dianthus, chrysanthemums, etc.
Plant other flowering plants nearby that will add color when these show-stoppers are done; try chrysanthemums or perennial snapdragons in front of your echinacea.
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07 of 22
Design with Foliage
@gardenfromscratch / Instagram
Perennial flowers don't always have long seasons of bloom, so learning which plants have colorful or interesting foliage can help you design a garden that stays rich and interesting through the seasons.
Heucheras come in a rainbow of colors with differently-shaped leaves and do well in sun or shade. Hostas and daphne come in variegated varieties that add visual depth and interest. Silvery tones can come from artemisia or brunnera. The beautifully-shaped leaves of oakleaf hydrangeas and amsonia provide brilliant autumn color.
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08 of 22
Create Colorful Shade Beds
@thepsychgarden / Instagram
Many perennials will happily bloom in partial shade, so your shade beds needn't be all hostas and astilbes! Perennial geraniums weave in and out among plants in search of dappled sun, and other colorful part-shade lovers include foxgloves, alliums, irises, heucheras, and primroses. See how the purple tones and lacy texture of the Japanese painted fern complement the 'Rozanne' geraniums and 'Millennium' alliums here.
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09 of 22
Time Your Blooms Right
@thepsychgarden / Instagram
One of the biggest challenges in garden design is finding ways to have flowers blooming consistently throughout the season. But, consider how certain plants may have a more dramatic impact than others.
Maybe you want your roses to take the starring role. Maybe your peonies are the pride of the neighborhood. Let those pink David Austin roses shine by keeping other early summer blooming perennials to a minimum nearby, unless you want an all-pink garden, in which case, go for it! With a bit of practice and research, you can plant strategically to showcase certain plants at the height of their bloom season.
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10 of 22
Plant Flowering Groundcovers
@gardenfromscratch / Instagram
Ground covers can be a wonderful way to fill in empty spots and add low-growing beauty to your beds. Some bloom in spring (like sweet woodruff, epimedium, or creeping phlox), some in summer (spreading dianthus), and some in fall (like creeping sedums which come in many colors, or peacock plumbago with its bright cobalt blue flowers). Depending on your climate, there are a great many to choose from.
Tip
Be careful with ground covers like vinca that grow matted roots, as these can spread and crowd out the roots of other perennials. But, planting these evergreen plants beneath a tree where not much else will grow adds year-round color. For example, the vivid blue flowers on peacock plumbago make it a gorgeous choice for ground cover.
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11 of 22
Experiment with Contrasting Colors
@plantsplantsen / Instagram
Opposites on the color wheel create vibrant, dramatic contrasts in the garden. Pair purples and yellows, oranges and blues, or reds and greens, including variations like magenta and chartreuse for dynamic color combinations.
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12 of 22
Balance Warm and Cool Colors
@thepsychgarden / Instagram
Many gardeners love having a garden that is all cool colors (blues, purples, pinks) while some enjoy vibrant warm colors like reds, yellows, and oranges. Having a mix of warm and cool palettes makes for maximum visual appeal. You can mix them in one bed, or have one section that's cool next to one that's warm. The possibilities are endless and can include both flowers and foliage.
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13 of 22
Choose Easy-to-Divide Perennials
@ladylandscape / Instagram
Perennial dividing is usually a yearly task for the avid gardener. Some perennials will tend to show decreased vitality in their blooming if left undivided, as the roots or tubers may get crowded. Most types of irises need dividing every three years, as do daylilies and hostas; all three are very easy to divide. Some plants benefit from once yearly division, such as artemisia 'Silver Mound. ' Once you divide them (mid to late autumn is the best time) you can replant the divisions immediately.
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14 of 22
Go For Late-Season Blooms
@thepsychgarden / Instagram
Many gardeners find it challenging to keep a vibrant palette of blooms happening through three seasons. Don't neglect to plant late-blooming perennials, especially in spots where other perennials will have stopped blooming for the season. Anemones are a lovely sight in autumn with their delicate pinks and whites fluttering above the flower bed like fairies. The deep blues of monkshood add dramatic color too.
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15 of 22
Add Winter Interest
@paintedleafhostagarden / Instagram
Why stop at three seasons of beauty? Winter can be a beautiful time in the garden, even if you're looking at it from inside a warm room, standing by the window with a cup of hot chocolate. Many evergreen shrubs and trees hold up to the weight of heavy wet snow and create sculptural shapes and a bit of color in the winter landscape.
Consider leaving some plants intact for winter, like tall sedums, that create a lovely shape, then cut back in spring as new growth appears. Think about adding perennial ornamental grasses into your garden design for winter texture. This snowy garden has beautiful forms and textures from its evergreen and tree plantings.
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16 of 22
Plant in Containers
@thepsychgarden / Instagram
Containers are an easy way to add height, shape, and balance to your garden and give you flexibility in terms of placement and adding plants throughout the season. A solid clay pot can offer an earthy feel next to airy, delicate blooms or the spreading branches of shrubs. You can also choose brightly colored pots to add to your garden's colorways.
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17 of 22
Incorporate Frost-Hardy Color
The Spruce / Peg Aloi
Many perennials will keep blooming after a light frost, including late-season chrysanthemums and perennial snapdragons. Such plants can provide much-needed color and form later in the season. These football mums keep their form and color even after a light frost in November.
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18 of 22
Add Flowering Shrubs
@thepsychgarden / Instagram
Flowering shrubs can be colorful centerpieces in your perennial beds. They bloom at different points in the season, so plant them where you want seasonal impact. Azaleas and rhododendrons in spring, weigelas and hydrangeas in summer, Rose of Sharon through fall, for example.
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19 of 22
Plant for Autumn Color
@plantsplantsen / Instagram
Plant perennials that flower in autumn (chrysanthemums, snapdragons, sedums) but also plan for foliage shifting to rich autumn color and plant accordingly. Many plants provide bright and earthy colors in autumn. Japanese maples, ferns, amsonia, hydrangeas, heuchera, ninebark, and fothergilla are but a few.
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20 of 22
Don't Forget Deadheading
Barry Winiker / Getty Images
Deadheading is vital in the busy summer season. Some plants that offer thrilling blooms need frequent deadheading to stay fresh-looking. One good example is the day lily (hemerocallis): the blooms only last one day but there are always new ones about to open; plucking off the dead/drooping flowers makes the most of the blooming time.
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21 of 22
Choose Long-Lasting Blooms
@ladylandscape / Instagram
You don't have to sacrifice planting your favorite short-blooming flowers for the sake of having a lush perennial garden. Plant the briefest blooms between long-lasting perennials like purple coneflowers (Echinacea purpurea) and catmint.
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22 of 22
Plant Annuals that Act Like Perennials
The Spruce / Peg Aloi
Annuals like zinnias, cornflowers, and cosmos will often reseed every year, becoming a reliable "perennial" flower. Many of these colorful annuals are heavy with nectar and beloved by pollinators. You can collect the seeds to plant in spring (direct sow after the last frost date), or just let early annuals like cornflowers reseed themselves.
Tip
The great thing about perennials is that if they're not ideal in one spot, they can be moved to another. And when they grow larger, you can divide them and plant more! Remember to observe how plants do after they're planted: they are the best teachers and will tell you if they're content.
FAQ
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Staggered planting or succession planting is popular with vegetable growers; by sowing seeds every week, you can harvest them weekly. This same concept can be applied to flowering plants by planning successive blooming over an extended period. As one group fades, another planting group blooms, and this pattern continues during the growing season.
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Plant flowers after the threat of frost is gone. Each region's last frost date varies. The ground must be thawed and workable. You can get perennial flowering plants in the ground in early fall in the North and late fall in the South.
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The depth of your flower bed depends on the types of plants you put into the ground. If you don't want to limit yourself, plan on a minimum depth of 12 inches, although 6 inches is adequate for many plants. Also, consider soil needs. If the plants you use require good drainage, you might need to plan on adding a porous layer of compost or mulch, which adds several inches.
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In general, you'll want tall plants in the back (or in the center of an island bed), medium height in the middle, and lower plants in the front.
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A large shrub can be the centerpiece of a perennial flower garden. Or plant perennial flowers and smaller shrubs as blocks of color. Strive for a repeated pattern and height-appropriate rows to create harmony in your perennial garden.
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How to plan a flower garden | Full cycle school of landscape design by Natalia Myagkova
Creation of a flower garden begins with the choice of its color scheme - you need to decide what colors of the spectrum will be in the flower garden.
Imagine that you have found a place for a flower garden. You understand what conditions there are for plant growth. now you need to pick up the plants, and then arrange them over the area of \u200b\u200bthe flower garden. The first thing you can do is scroll through the pictures on Pinterest in search of inspiration. For example, here are photos of flower beds from my travels in Dutch gardens. What do you see first of all, what do you pay attention to?
Yes, you are correct. First of all, we pay attention to the color, or rather to the combination of colors. To do this, you need to follow a few simple rules.
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- The color scheme of the flower bed follows the color scheme of the garden.
The garden has buildings, a fence, paving. All this has a color and the color scheme of the flower garden should match them. - The choice of color scheme is influenced by the season of the year. Nobody needs to prove that in spring, summer and autumn bushes and trees create different backgrounds. In spring, everything around is transparent, smoky. In summer, green colors predominate, in autumn - orange, yellow, crimson. Seasonal changes need to be taken into account when making a point-in-time flower garden or creating seasonal blocks blooming at a certain time for a continuous flowering flower garden.
- It is important to take into account the distance from which you will look at the flower garden . It makes no sense to make a flower garden with overflows if it is located far away - you will not notice the play of color. And if the flower garden is located next to the viewpoint, all the subtle shades of the same color can be considered. At a far distance, contrasting, bright flower beds will look good, while near they will be flashy, out of place.
- In last place - our color preferences . Yes Yes. But this is excellent - the first three rules impose restrictions, cut off all flowers that are not suitable for this situation. Let and favorite, but not for this occasion. And there is quite a bit of choice. If you make a tough selection, then the likelihood that the flower garden will turn out and even exceed your expectations is great!
- The color scheme of the flower bed follows the color scheme of the garden.
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Below you will find a checklist. He will help you find the right color scheme and create a harmonious flower garden in your garden. Photo from my Dutch album.
Choosing a color scheme is just the beginning. You can understand how colors combine with each other, learn how to use the color wheel, and also choose ready-made schemes for harmonious and contrasting flower beds in different areas of the spectrum on the course “How to choose flowers by color”. Three lectures describe step by step:
- how to create a color scheme,
- what colors make up a spectacular color scheme
- how to match flowers by color yourself using color wheel
- which plants can be used to get the desired color scheme
- is shown on examples of flower beds, how to apply knowledge
- ready-made schemes of flower beds are given.
After each lecture in the course there are practical tasks - they will allow you to understand how well you have mastered the theory.
© 2014—2023 Garden Planning School "The Garden in a New Way".
Reprinting and citing materials - only with the permission of the author.
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Published on 04/06/2012 |
Spring is the time to start work in gardens and cottages, and first of all, you want to decorate the site with colorful ornamental plants, paying attention. All flower beds are divided into flower beds, rabatka, mixborders, parterre flower beds and front gardens. How do they differ, how to plan plantings and how to care for them? In the flower bed, plants are planted so that they form patterns and patterns. Arrange a flower bed in the form of a circle, oval, rectangle, choosing an open place, viewed from all sides. Perennial plants are often chosen for cultivation. In a regular flower bed, plants should bloom at the same time, plantings have clear boundaries. In an irregular bed, plants are planted in groups that can bloom sequentially. Mono-beds consist of plants of the same species, carpet-beds - from undersized plants with colored foliage, forming a complex, carpet-like ornament. Some of the most complex flower beds are parterre or ornamental. Plants in them form complex ornaments and patterns, attracting with brightness. Arrange such flower beds in a lighted area, in a conspicuous place. Small curly flower beds may include ornaments of various motifs. Parterre flower beds are demanding to care for and difficult to design. Rabatki - strips of plants 50-300 cm wide, which are planted along the paths. For rabatka, simultaneously flowering annuals, perennials, bulbous, carpet, deciduous and ornamental plants are suitable. The shape of the rabatka can be rectangular or in the form of a wave - narrower towards the center and wider at the edges. Mixborder is a multi-row planting of plants of different heights: low perennials, annuals - in the front, bulbous and herbaceous - in the middle part, tall - in the background, near the wall, fence, hedge. Planted in a mixborder and hydrangeas, roses, climbing plants. Plants are selected so that the mixborder blooms from early spring to late autumn. Front garden - a small fenced flowering area near the house, where, in addition to flowers and plants, fruit trees (mountain ash, sea buckthorn, etc. ), decorating the area and protecting from noise and dust, they often arrange a place to relax, a mini-reservoir , backlight. If the flower garden is viewed from one side, the plants are planted so that the tall ones are in the background, without obscuring the lower ones. If the flower garden is viewed from different sides, tall plants are planted in the center, and undersized plants along the perimeter. Before you start planting, draw a plan of how the different varieties of flowers will be arranged. It is especially recommended to do this if a clear pattern and ornament are important - for carpet flower beds, parterres, arabesques. When choosing plants, find out what kind of soil they prefer, whether they like sun or shade, whether they are resistant to winds, waterlogging and other adverse factors. It is not recommended to plant light and shade-loving plants together. In order for the plants to develop well, pay attention to the composition and acidity of the soil, which can be adjusted by applying the necessary fertilizers. |