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Plant and grow potatoes


How to Grow Potatoes — Seed Savers Exchange Blog

Here are a few tips from SSE's gardening crew on how to grow potatoes for a healthy and bountiful harvest.

General Advice

Potatoes always do best in full sun. They are aggressively rooting plants, and we find that they will produce the best crop when planted in a light, loose, well-drained soil. Potatoes prefer a slightly acid soil with a PH of 5.0 to 7.0. Fortunately potatoes are very adaptable and will almost always produce a respectable crop, even when the soil conditions and growing seasons are less than perfect.

Always keep your potato patch weed-free for best results. Potatoes should be rotated in the garden, never being grown in the same spot until there has been a 3-4 year absence of potatoes.

When to Plant Potatoes 

Potatoes may be planted as soon as the ground can be worked in the early spring, but keep soil temperatures in mind. Potato plants will not begin to grow until the soil temperature has reached 45 degrees F. The soil should be moist, but not water-logged.

Potatoes can tolerate a light frost, but you should provide some frost protection for the plants if you know that a hard, late season freeze is coming. If you want to extend storage times, and have a long growing season, you can plant a second crop as late as June 15 and harvest the potatoes as late as possible.

Cutting Potatoes Before Planting

A week or two before your planting date, set your seed potatoes in an area where they will be exposed to light and temperatures between 60-70 degrees F. This will begin the sprouting process. A day or two before planting, use a sharp, clean knife to slice the larger seed potatoes into smaller pieces. Each piece should be approximately 2 inches square, and must contain at least 1 or 2 eyes or buds. Plant smaller potatoes whole. A good rule of thumb is to plant potatoes whole if they are smaller in size than a golf ball. In a day or so your seed will form a thick callous over the cuts, which will help prevent rotting.

Planting Potatoes in the Garden

We find that potatoes are best grown in rows. To begin with, dig a trench that is 6-8 inches deep. Plant each piece of potato (cut side down, with the eyes pointing up) every 12-15 inches, with the rows spaced 3 feet apart. If your space is limited or if you would like to grow only baby potatoes, you can decrease the spacing between plants.

To begin with only fill the trench in with 4 inches of soil. Let the plants start to grow and then continue to fill in the trench and even mound the soil around the plants as they continue to grow. Prior to planting, always make sure to cultivate the soil one last time. This will remove any weeds and will loosen the soil and allow the plants to become established more quickly.

How to Water Potatoes 

Keep your potato vines well watered throughout the summer, especially during the period when the plants are flowering and immediately following the flowering stage. During this flowering period the plants are creating their tubers and a steady water supply is crucial to good crop outcome. Potatoes do well with 1-2 inches of water or rain per week. When the foliage turns yellow and begins to die back, discontinue watering. This will help start curing the potatoes for harvest time.

When to Harvesting Potatoes

Baby potatoes typically can be harvested 2-3 weeks after the plants have finished flowering. Gently dig around the plants to remove potatoes for fresh eating, being careful not to be too intrusive. Try to remove the biggest new potatoes and leave the smaller ones in place so they can continue to grow. Only take what you need for immediate eating. Homegrown new potatoes are a luxury and should be used the same day that they are dug.

Potatoes that are going to be kept for storage should not be dug until 2-3 weeks after the foliage dies back. Carefully dig potatoes with a sturdy fork and if the weather is dry, allow the potatoes to lay in the field, unwashed, for 2-3 days. This curing step allows the skins to mature and is essential for good storage. If the weather during harvest is wet and rainy, allow the potatoes to cure in a dry protected area like a garage or covered porch.

Storage Conditions

At Seed Savers Exchange.  we are able to store potatoes well into the spring in our underground root cellar. Try to find a storage area that is well ventilated, dark, and cool. The ideal temperature is between 35 and 40 degrees F. Keep in mind that some varieties are better keepers than others. Varieties like Red Gold and Rose Gold are best used in the fall, and others like Carola and Russets are exceptional keepers.

Saving Seed Stock

Home gardeners can save seed for several generations. Save the very best potatoes for planting. You may find that after several years the size begins to decrease; this is typical. Potatoes are very susceptible to viruses. If you are looking for maximum yields it is best to start with fresh, USDA Certified Seed Stock every year.

In collaboration with University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers, SSE is working to eradicate viruses from heritage potatoes in order to safely preserve potato genetic diversity and to offer high quality seed potatoes.

Growing Potatoes: Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Potatoes

The taste and texture of homegrown potatoes are far superior to those of store-bought spuds! Garden “taters” also provide a bounty of nutrients. Our Potato Growing Guide covers planting, growing, and harvesting one of our favorite vegetables—whether grown in the ground or a container. 

About Potatoes

The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a member of the nightshade family, which includes tomato, pepper, and eggplant. This cool-weather vegetable typically yields bigger crops in the northern portion of the U.S., however, they can be grown as a winter crop in warmer climates.

The edible part of the potato is the underground “tuber” which is an enlarged underground storage portion of the potato plant. The tuber develops from underground stems called stolons once the plants are 6 to 8 inches tall, or around 5 to 7 weeks after planting.

Potatoes are an ancient vegetable that was first documented by the Incas in Peru. According to the Maine Potato Board, this vegetable arrived in the American Colonies in 1621 when the Governor of Bermuda sent potatoes to the Governor of Virginia at Jamestown.

Now America’s #1 vegetable, potatoes are a fat-free, cholesterol-free source of carbohydrates (energy). But it’s the skin that you should not discard; the skin provides 45% of your daily vitamin C and 18% of potassium, as well as thiamin, riboflavin, folate, niacin, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc.

Learn more about planting potatoes below. 

Planting

Plant potatoes in a sunny place with at least 6 hours of directly sunlight each day. The tubers need to grow in fertile, loose, well-drained soil; hard or compacted soil leads to misshapen tubers. Ideally, soil is slightly acid (pH 5.8 to 6.5) and the soil temperature is at least 45º to 55ºF  (7° to 13°C). Before planting (preferably in the fall), mix compost or organic matter into the soil. Learn more about compost, soil amendments, and preparing soil for planting. )

When to Plant Potatoes

Garden potatoes can be planted as soon as the soil can be worked. For many gardeners, this is about 2 weeks after the last spring frost. But aware that early crops may be ruined by soil that’s too wet as the potato seeds will rot. Pay more attention to the soil than the calendar to determine planting time. The soil should not be so wet that it sticks together and is hard to work. Let it dry out a bit first. If you have a late and wet spring, you can plant later—through April (depending on location) or even June, especially in containers. 

In cooler regions, some gardeners will plant the first crop of “early-maturing” potatoes in early to mid-April, 6 to 8 weeks before the average last frost date. These varieties can withstand frost.

In warmer regions, potatoes can be grown as a winter crop and planting times range from September to February. Where winters are relatively mild, you can plant a fall crop in September. For example, in central Florida, gardeners plant potatoes in January, and in Georgia they plant in February.

See our Planting Guide for the best dates to plant by zip code or postal code.

How to Plant Potatoes

Note: Potatoes are usually planted in the ground, but they also can be grown in large containers or baskets. The same planting information applies.

Use certified (disease-resistant) seed potatoes from which eyes (buds) protrude. (Do not confuse seed potatoes with potato seeds or grocery produce.

Preparing seed potatoes for planting. Photo by tanyss/Getty Images.

How to plant and care for potatoes in order to reap a large harvest

June 17, 2022 Likbez Adviсe

Now you can do everything right.

When to plant potatoes

The soil for sowing potatoes in spring should warm up to at least 7 °C. In the regions of the middle lane, this usually occurs in late April - early May. Experienced gardeners have a sign: if the birch trees began to produce the first leaves, then the soil is already warm enough.

However, potatoes can be planted throughout May and even in mid-June.

How to prepare a potato bed

Choose a well-lit, sunny spot. First, carefully dig the soil onto the bayonet of a shovel, breaking up earthen clods and throwing out stones.

Then spread 8-10 kg of decomposed manure or compost, 30 g of ammonium nitrate, 45 g of superphosphate and 25 g of potassium sulfate for each square meter of bed. If your site has heavy clay soil, add another 10‑liter bucket of sand.

After that, you need to dig the bed again, but to a shallower depth - 12–15 cm, then loosen the surface with a rake.

How to prepare tubers for planting

Selecting planting material is an optional but important step.

Decide on a variety

They differ in maturation time. You can harvest early varieties in 2-2.5 months, mid-season - in 3-3.5 months, late - in 4-4.5 months. It is better to eat early potatoes right away, but mid-ripening and late vegetables are stored better and are suitable for stocks for the winter.

When choosing a variety, be guided by its yield, disease resistance and average tuber size. Each variety will have its own taste and its own degree of digestibility. You can first make inquiries on the Internet and find the varieties that suit you or trust the recommendations of the seller. Another option is to buy several types of potatoes to sample, cook them and choose the one you like for sowing in your garden.

Sprout tubers

Photo: Ekaterina Iatcenko / Shutterstock

You can skip this step and plant potatoes without prior preparation. But germination accelerates the emergence of seedlings in the garden. In addition, this procedure helps to reject low-quality specimens - those that have rotted, released thin and weak shoots, or have not sprouted at all.

Arrange tubers in a single layer in boxes or crates. Put them in a well-lit place in the house, protected from direct sunlight. You can skip the containers and put the potatoes directly on the floor.

The optimum temperature for germination in the first 10–12 days is 18–20 °C. Then it can be lowered to 10-14 ° C so that the sprouts do not stretch, and wait another two weeks.

Then choose strong healthy tubers with strong shoots and start planting.

How to plant potatoes

There are three traditional ways. One thing unites them: it is not necessary to water the beds immediately after planting potatoes. The tubers contain enough moisture for the first time.

Planting under a shovel

Shot: My Hobbies / YouTube

Planting potatoes in this way should be done by two people. One person digs a hole 10 cm deep, the other puts a tuber in it with sprouts up. Then the next hole is dug, and the previous one is filled with soil from it. The distance between plantings in a row should be 30 cm, and the distance between rows should be 70 cm.

Planting in ridges

Frame: Andrey Siberia. Lifelong content / YouTube

Using a shovel or rake, you need to collect the earth into long ridges 35 cm high at a distance of 70 cm from each other. It should turn out so that the rows for sowing will be on a hill, and the aisles will be in a recess.

In each bed, make holes 10 cm deep in 30 cm increments. Place a tuber in each bed, sprouts up, and cover with soil.

Planting in furrows

Shot: Garden, garden, DIY / YouTube

At a distance of 50–60 cm from each other, make furrows 20 cm wide and 15 cm deep. see, and fill them with soil.

How to take care of potatoes

To get a good harvest, you have to work hard.

Water potatoes

Do this early in the morning or in the evening after sunset. Water must be poured into the aisles, trying not to fall on the tops.

Every 7-10 days, 3-4 liters of water should be sent under each bush. When buds appear, watering is increased up to twice a week and up to 12-15 liters per plant.

In dry weather, the beds will need to be moistened more frequently. Dip your palm into the soil and, if the ground is dry at finger level, water the plants.

When the tops of the potatoes are completely dry, no more water is needed.

Feed the potatoes

Fertilize under the roots early in the morning or in the evening after sunset. Potatoes will need three feedings per season. The procedure can be completed with hilling.

Spud potatoes

Photo: Elena Masiutkina / Shutterstock

During growth, the tubers may bulge out of the ground and turn green when exposed to light. Therefore, periodically you need to pour the soil from the aisles to the base of the bush with a chopper. Do it early in the morning or in the evening at sunset. And preferably on wet ground.

The first hilling is carried out when the stems grow to 6–8 cm. The soil level around the plant must be raised literally by 2 cm. .

When the shoots grow to 23–26 cm, raise the mounds around the bushes to 18–19 cm. Start processing early in the morning, in the evening at sunset or on cloudy, but not rainy weather. Try to get the solution on both the top and bottom of the leaves.

How to get rid of the Colorado potato beetle

Photo: Afanasiev Andrii / Shutterstock

This is the most frequent visitor to the potato patch. One of the effective, but labor-intensive ways to deal with it is the regular collection of beetles and their larvae from the bushes by hand. You can also spray the plants with biological preparations - twice, with an interval of 20 days. Fitoverm, BioKill or Bitoxibacillin are suitable, which are diluted in water according to the instructions on the package.

How to get rid of wireworm

Photo: Tomasz Klejdysz / Shutterstock

The Aktara chemical preparation will defeat not only the Colorado potato beetle, but also the wireworm. To do this, you need to spray the plants and spill the soil around each bush with a solution over wet soil. For 10 liters of water you will need 0.6 g of the product.

How to get rid of the bear

Photo: Afanasiev Andrii / Shutterstock

Grom or Medvetoks preparations will help here, which must be scattered around the bushes at the rate of 2–3 g per 1 m² and buried in the ground to a depth of 3–5 cm.

How to get rid of late blight

Photo: Elena Masiutkina / Shutterstock

For the prevention and control of the most common potato disease - late blight - the Revus fungicide will help. You need to start spraying as soon as buds appear on the bushes, and then carry out three more treatments with an interval of 10-14 days. For 5 liters of water, take 6 ml of the drug.

When to Harvest Potatoes

Drying of tops is a sign of tuber maturation. Frame: Antonov garden - cottage and garden / YouTube

Focus on the maturity of the variety you have planted. A sure sign of the readiness of the tubers for harvesting is wilting and drying out of the tops. From now on, you have 3 weeks to dig up the potatoes.

How to harvest potatoes

Do this in dry, sunny weather.

Dig up potatoes

Photo: benjamas11/Shutterstock

At a distance of 15-20 cm from the bush, carefully insert the fork into the soil, turn the soil over and pick up the tubers. Take the plant by the base of the tops, remove the potatoes from it. Dig up the soil along the edges of the hole and make sure that there are no fruits left in it.

Dry potatoes

Put aside damaged and cut tubers during digging - they will not be stored for a long time, and it is better to eat them first. Spread the rest of the potatoes in a single layer on a newspaper, cardboard or in boxes and send to a cool dark place with a temperature of 10-15 ° C for 1-2 weeks. During this time, the peel on the tubers will become thicker, and then the potatoes will be ready for long-term storage.

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How to plant potatoes: the four most famous ways

In the fifties of the last century, when amateur gardening was just beginning to develop in the country, people occupied almost half of their land for potato fields. And in the villages, collective farmers plowed at least 50 acres per family for potatoes in order to provide themselves with it for a whole year - until the next harvest.

Over the years, the picture has changed dramatically. For many years, potatoes practically disappeared from summer cottages and household plots. However, in recent years, the picture has changed, and interest in tasty crumbly tubers has reappeared.

Undoubtedly, young potatoes can be bought in any store, but they are literally crammed with all sorts of "chemistry" - fertilizers, plant protection products that accumulate in the tubers. Once in our body, they are deposited in the tissues of various organs, gradually destroying them.

And the taste of purchased potatoes is not the same. How much better is your own - sweet, crumbly, grown on natural fertilizers and therefore - very useful.

In recent years, many new varieties of large, tasty and very productive potatoes, resistant to pests and diseases, have been created.

Growing it is a pleasure. The main thing is to land correctly. In this article we will tell you how to plant potatoes correctly and tell you the most fruitful and interesting varieties.

HOW USEFUL POTATOES

Potato appeared on our continent only three hundred years ago. Its homeland is South America, where the culture was grown by local Indian tribes. Edible tubers were brought to their country by Spanish sailors, who liked them.

Very quickly, potatoes with stew and spices became a favorite dish of the Spanish nobility. Then this dish began to be prepared in all taverns and inns. From there, the tubers migrated to the peasant fields.

Very quickly, the potato spread throughout the territory of almost all countries of Western Europe. It was brought to Russia from Holland by decree of Peter I at the end of the 17th century. The tsar ordered this "overseas vegetable" to be planted throughout Russia and gave it the name "second bread", which was later fully justified.

Today it is difficult to imagine your diet without sweet - boiled or fried potatoes. In addition, it is not only tasty, but also very useful.

Tubers contain vitamins: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9,PP,S,E,K. They contain magnesium, calcium, potassium (570 mg per 100 g of weight!), Phosphorus, iron, zinc, boron, cobalt, folic acid, various complex amino acids, starch, bioflavonoids, fiber.

It is young potatoes, freshly dug from the garden, that have the greatest nutritional value.

WAYS OF PLANTING POTATOES

The best time for planting potatoes is May 7-10. Previously, the site for planting is well dug up and brought in (per 1 sq. M.): 2 buckets of compost or rotted manure, a bucket of sand, a third of a bucket of ash, 110 g of superphosphate, and 70 g of potassium sulfate. On acidic lands, a glass of dolomite flour is also added.

Potatoes can be planted in many ways, but the following four are the most common.

Spade landing

This is the best known method.

With a rope stretched over pegs, mark the row (starting from the edge of the field).

One person makes a hole 7-9 cm deep with a shovel, the other puts the tuber into it with the sprouts up.

The first one digs the next hole and covers the planted tuber with earth from it.

The distance between the holes is 30 cm. Having finished planting in the first row, the pegs with the cord are transferred to the next one, 75 cm apart from the first one.

The whole field is planted in the same way and the plants are well watered.

Planting in ridges

This method is used on heavy clay soils with close groundwater.

With the help of a walk-behind tractor, ridges are formed on a well-fertilized field.

Distance between ridges - 75 cm, height 20 cm.

Potato tubers are planted in holes located at the top of the ridge at a distance of 30 cm from each other.

Planting in trenches

This method is used on sandy and light sandy soils where water does not linger in the root layer.

In a potato field, trenches are dug 25 cm deep at a distance of 90 cm from one another. Straw is laid in the trenches in a layer of 15 cm.

Dig holes at a distance of 30 cm and place potato tubers in them. You can add a tablespoon of wood ash to each well. The earth is leveled, and all plantings are well watered.

Straw planting

This is the oldest method and is often used in villages. In autumn, the potato field is lined with a thick layer of straw or hay (40 cm high). During the winter, the grass overheats, turning into humus.

In the spring, potato tubers are laid on it and again covered with straw or hay with a layer of 20 cm. When sprouts appear, they are not spudded, but hay or straw is laid around each bush so that all the leaves are covered.

In autumn, after maturation, the bushes are simply pulled out of the straw. Potato tubers are not damaged, as when digging with a shovel. In addition, they remain completely clean.

In the first two methods, potato bushes are spudded twice during the summer so that only the tops of the leaves are visible. When planting in a trench, fertile soil is poured under the bushes.

In order to get a good harvest, plants need rare but abundant watering so that the ground under the bushes is soaked to a depth of 50 cm.

THE BEST VARIETIES FOR PLANTING POTATOES , extremely tasty, resistant to disease.

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