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Can you steam clean a leather couch


Can Leather Sofas be Steam Cleaned?

by Emerald Carpet Cleaning Dublin

You can steam clean any type of fabric including all types of leather. This is because all steam cleaning machines have a special setting that allows the technician to control the amount of steam that is created. This means that delicate materials can be protected.

One of the worst things that can happen to any homeowner is flooding. Flood waters can rise unexpectedly from a burst pipe, from heavy rain or from an overflow in the year. The water can bring with it bacteria, sewage, dirt and other unwanted substances and it can seep down deep into furniture, structural materials and carpeting. It can take weeks to repair the damage if it is bad enough, and sever re-flooding can even destroy a house.

Flood water have an equally destructive effect on furniture, and we are going to look at what you can do about that damage and how to assess how badly the flood waters affected your upholstery. All may not be lost just because there was a flood in your home. Follow these tips to ensure that you can save what’s left after flooding.

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Can you get leather furniture professionally cleaned?

Professional leather upholstery cleaning companies are common. They can clean all manner of fabrics in your home and leather is no exception.

Before you can clean and dirty upholstery and leather furniture, your first need to know how severe the soiling is. It’s possible that the water didn’t even make it to the upholstery and just touched the legs of the furniture. If the legs are upholstered as well, you may be able to strip off that part of it and clean it and dry it out and then replace it back on the furniture.

In more extreme cases, such as if the water sat in the house for a while before being removed, you may need to replace the legs entirely. Wooden legs on upholstered furniture may look okay from the outside after flooding, but if the water sat inside the wood for very long, it likely caused irreversible damage, and you will probably have to replace the legs.

What is the best way to clean a dirty leather sofa?

You can attempt to clean dirty sofa using a cloth and warm water. This can work if the stains are not that severe. However if they have been sitting a long time then you’ll need the expertise of a professional sofa cleaning service. They will have the high pressure steam cleaining machines required to do the job.

If the water made it into the bulk of the furniture and covered it in water, grime and filthy particles, then you will have to determine how long the water was resting on the furniture. If the chair, couch or whatever just became briefly wet, then you can just wipe off the water and dirt. You want to wipe it off as quickly as possible because the longer it sits on your furniture, the more extensive the damage will become.

You may not be sure how long the water was soaking into the upholstery, and you will have to use visual cues to determine the extent of the damage. The most obvious sign of water damage is called watermarking. This will be a discoloration that is either lighter or darker than the surrounding upholstery. That just tells you what is damaged on the surface, though. You will need to remove the upholstery to determine just how deep the water penetrated.

It’s possible that it carried some silt and dirt with it inside the upholstery, so you will want to remove the upholstery and see if there is any dirt inside your furniture. You won’t be able to remove that until you open the furniture and empty it out.

What is the best cleaner for leather sofas?

There are really no cleaning products which work that well on leather sofas. unfortunately if they get soiled, you’ll have no choice but to hire a professional. This is obviously time consuming and costly, and is one of the major drawbacks of any type of leather furniture. Especially if the leather is a light colour.

Thankfully, a lot of water damage can be reversed even with upholstery. If the water damage was not sever and the upholstery wasn’t sitting in the water for long, then you may just need to wipe it down with something dry and let it air out.

For more severe water damage, where the upholstery has soaked in the water for a while, you may need to get rid of the upholstery completely. You can still salvage the furniture, but you will likely have to strip down the upholstery to its frame and put a fresh upholstery layer on there.

Check the wood while you have the furniture stripped. If it is cloudy or discolored, then it may have been damaged as well. If you put fresh upholstery on a damaged frame, you are just going to be covering up some serious problems. Be sure to clean or get rid of any water damage you find inside the furniture.

You will also want to check the springs. It’s possible they won’t be usable any longer, particularly if they have rusted. Test them out to see if they have retained their springiness.

Keep in mind that there could be a smell to get rid of as well. You may have to do more than just clean up the visible mess. The scent will stick with the furniture unless you do something about it. Make sure you use an odor remover or air freshener that is made for upholstery. An aerosol spray that leaves behind too much liquid will not be good for your upholstery you will be endangering it with some of the same problems as if it had been water damaged.

How can I clean my fabric sofa?

Fabric sofas and couches are even more difficult to clean than leather ones. The fibers absorb stains and dirt very easily. You can use a shampoo sofa cleaning machine on this type of material or you can go for the standard high PSI steam machines.

You also want to remove any mold you see. Get rid of visible mold by wiping it down with a disinfectant cloth. You can spray an herbicide or mold killer on it, but be warned that those efforts might not be enough to truly get rid of the mold.

That’s because there are lots of invisible model spores moving through the air, and if you leave any mold still alive, it can come out of its dormant state and start growing again. The only surefire way to get rid of mould is to call in a mold remediation specialist.

Even after you have had someone remove the mold for you, you will still need to check the wood periodically for mold and mildew growth. Mold may continue to grow there until the water content in the wood drops down to at least 20%.

Your upholstery may be salvageable from flood damage, but don’t just assume it is okay because it doesn’t feel wet on the outside. You need to check it over thoroughly, otherwise it could be rotting away while you use it, and one day it may collapse on you without warning. It’s a good idea to check under the upholstery for damage no matter how severe the outer damage was. You just never know what you will find under there until you perform an examination.

Our Dublin sofa cleaner experts are waiting for your call!

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You can book quickly and easily online and we’ll be on your doorstep at the exact time and date you choose. How’s that for convenience?

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Should You Steam Clean Leather? Read Our Detailed Analysis – Leather Skill

Steam cleaning is an effective method to remove bacteria, dirt, and grime, that are deeply embedded in the materials of garments, furniture, carpets, and other household items. 

However, it’s not a common or preferred method of cleaning leather articles. While heat and water are generally not compatible with leather, there is a safe way to use a steam cleaner for leather articles if it’s used in moderation. 

It can help to lift bacteria and dirt that are deeply embedded in the leather, leaving the fibers clean and free of impurities. Although they should not replace your regular leather cleaning routines, steam cleaners can have an application for certain types of leather products. 

This article is designed to inform you about the benefits and drawbacks of steam cleaning leather. It will also act as a guide on how to steam clean leather safely, which best practices will yield the greatest results, and will also highlight alternative methods that you should consider. 

Benefits of Using a Steam Cleaner on Leather

You may be hesitant to use a steam cleaner for your favorite leather articles; however, you should know that steam cleaning has various benefits that may not be availed with other cleaning methods.

Drawbacks of Using a Steam Cleaner on Leather

Even though steam cleaning leather can be highly effective for removing mold, mildew, bacteria, and other embedded impurities, this process can also have some disadvantages.

How to Steam Clean Leather 

Now that you know the advantages and disadvantages that steam cleaners have on leather, we’ll now show you what a safe cleaning process looks like. Please take note that you should only use a steam cleaner if you want to clean embedded impurities such as mold or bacteria from leather. 

You also need to understand that steam cleaning leather regularly may cause damage to it. Therefore, you should only use a steam cleaner when necessary.  

1. Pretreat Your Leather Product

To ensure safe and effective steam cleaning, you’ll need to pretreat your leather articles first. Start by mixing half a cup of linseed oil with half a cup of white vinegar in a small bucket of hot water. 

If you’re planning to clean larger or multiple leather sofas, you can use a full cup of each instead, and if you’re only planning on steam cleaning leather apparel or smaller furniture, we find that 1/4 cup of each typically suffices. 

Apply this mixture to the leather surface of the items that need to be steam cleaned. Make sure to wipe away any excess to ensure only a thin even layer remains. Allow the leather to dry for about 30 to 45 minutes before proceeding to the next step.

2. Prepare Your Steam Cleaner

Once you have filled the steam cleaner according to the manufacturer’s recommendation, you must conduct a spot check to test if the hot steam or high temperature will damage your leather article. 

Use the steam cleaner in an inconspicuous spot on the leather product and let it dry completely to see the final results. If the steam cleaner successfully cleanses the test area of your leather article, you can continue to steam clean the entire leather item.

Remember to use a heat setting of at least 250° Fahrenheit (about 120° Celcius) to sanitize your leather product, rid it of germs and clean the embedded dirt.

3. Steam Clean Your Leather Product

If you are cleaning a large leather product, focus on steam cleaning the inner or hidden leather sections first. For leather articles that are soiled extensively, you can use the brush attachment of the steam cleaner to bring out the deeply embedded impurities.

We recommend using the brush attachment of the steam cleaner with soft circular motions on your leather article for more efficient cleaning. You can also run the steam cleaner multiple times in areas where the leather needs rigorous cleaning.

4. Wipe Down Water Residue 

After using the steam cleaner, you’ll need to wipe away any excess moisture remaining. This will prevent water vapor from accumulating on the surface which could potentially lead to water damage or even foster mold growth.

Clean the dampness from the leather as much as you can with a dry cloth before placing it in a well-ventilated space for drying. The leather article should be placed in a dry, cool, and airy environment so that any water present can safely evaporate from it. 

5. Apply a Conditioner 

As steam cleaning can cause the leather to become dry and lose some of its natural oils, it is imperative that you renourish it using a good-quality leather conditioner. Leather conditioners contain essential lubricating ingredients that can bring suppleness and shine back to the material. 

It can also prevent water damage that arises through steam-cleaning by introducing nourishing oils into the fiber structure. This is one of the most crucial steps of the process that should not be skipped. 

Without conditioning your leather items, chances are that your leather article will dry out and become brittle over time. 

Leather Items to Consider Steam Cleaning

Steam cleaning treatments are most commonly used for cleaning leather upholstery or car interiors. This is because the hot steam makes cleaning large sofas, couches, and car seats more convenient and quicker. 

These types of leather products also tend to absorb sweat, moisture, and dirt, whereby sanitizing them through steam cleaning can make sense. You could also steam clean leather clothing such as long jackets or pants since it will save you the trouble of washing or cleaning them by hand.

However, we would recommend using a dedicated leather cleaner for clothing pieces as the material is much thinner and easier to clean.

Some of the most typical leather items you can steam clean are:

Smaller leather accessories and products are often not steam cleaned. This is because a steam cleaner is designed to clean thick and large leather objects instead of bags or wallets. We would also recommend using leather cleaning products for those types of items instead.  

We have compiled a list of effective alternate methods that can be used to clear grime, dust, or dust. These methods are much safer since you do not have to worry about possible water damage or shrinkage due to hot steam.

Better Alternatives to Cleaning Leather

Although steam cleaning leather seems to have a number of benefits (it’s a convenient, time-efficient, and easy-to-follow method), it is our opinion that the drawbacks that affect the quality of leather outweigh them. 

When you choose to steam clean leather regularly, you put it at risk of mold growth, water damage, drying out, and shrinking. Therefore, you should opt for safer alternatives that can upkeep the quality of your leather products. 

To reiterate, we only recommend steam cleaning if you’re planning to remove deeply embedded dirt, bacteria, and germs from leather items that are thicker in nature (such as leather furniture or car upholstery).

Our recommended alternative methods to steam cleaning are using leather-friendly cleaning products or leather wipes:

Option 1: Leather Cleaners

Leather cleaners are cleaning products with formulas that are safe for use on leather. They typically contain natural ingredients that can clean grime and dirt from leather upholstery or other products. 

An important advantage of using a leather cleaner is that it does not draw out essential oils from the material – in fact, they often contain renourishing properties. They are specifically designed for leather ensuring that they remain supple. 

Option 2: Leather Wipes 

Leather wipes are similar to leather cleaners, but provide more convenience and ease of use. A pack of high-quality leather cleaning wipes can help you clean most of your leather articles with a single wipe, without much of a fuss. 

For example, cleaning leather upholstery with leather wipes only takes a few minutes and requires little time. Moreover, since these wipes are designed for use on leather, they often contain conditioning ingredients that promote suppleness. 

Some special leather wipes also contain a UV protectant that can shield your leather products from the harmful effects of sunlight.

How to clean a leather sofa at home

Modern samples, thanks to their thoughtful design and construction, from leather upholstery as a finishing element, only add sophistication and elegance to themselves. Any furniture in the apartment is used daily by people. We open the cabinet doors and pull out the chest of drawers. We try to protect those surfaces that we have to touch more often with various kinds of covers. We put a blanket on the bed. We cover the surface of the table with a tablecloth. Only the sofas and armchairs, despite being the most frequently used, remain open. If you can still pick up a cape on fabric upholstery and at the same time everything will look organic, then this will not work with leather products. You didn’t buy such a set, definitely not cheap, to hide it under a cape. nine0003

It remains to either refrain from using it for its intended purpose, or prepare for the fact that you have furniture that requires special treatment and care. We suggest you find out in advance how to clean a leather sofa from stains and dirt at home. Regularly transporting the product to a specialized dry cleaner or calling a team of specialists at home is troublesome and expensive. In some cases, professional equipment and specialized preparations are indispensable. But ordinary cleaning is quite within the power of everyone to do. nine0003

Daily care of upholstered furniture

The most important thing for the preservation of such products is a comfortable environment - constant temperature, moderate humidity and no direct sunlight. Simply following these requirements will prolong the appearance of the headset. More effective methods of maintaining cleanliness will be needed only with significant contamination. This article contains the most common ways to care for such things. The ingredients used for this are publicly available and are in every home. We will tell you in detail what and in what cases you can use. nine0003

Use a vacuum cleaner

At least once a week, along with the general cleaning of the apartment, vacuum your rest area. On a smooth glossy surface, dust is visible just as well as on a polished one. But, before cleaning a leather sofa, take a closer look at the nozzles used. Whether they are metal or plastic, they can damage the skin. There should be no sharp edges or corners. A small scratch on the protective layer will lead to further damage and cracks. The degree of safety of the furniture depends on your attentiveness and accuracy. nine0003

If the coating is fluffy, it is not recommended to use a vacuum cleaner for cleaning. Dust and dirt should be swept away only with a soft bristle brush and all movements should be made strictly in its direction. The same applies to corrugated trim elements.

Wet cleaning

After removing large debris and dust, it is necessary to wipe the entire upholstery. Such a procedure will help remove contaminants that have not been pre-cleaned, but have not yet had time to penetrate into the pores of the material. We dilute a little soap in clean warm water, you can use liquid soap. Even better if it has a moisturizing effect. We moisten a soft sponge in the solution, wring it out well and wipe all accessible surfaces, not pressing hard. This procedure will help you, without any cleaning products, at home, wash the dirt off the leather sofa before it penetrates the structure. We wait 15-20 minutes until the solution dries, and wipe it along with the lagging dirt. nine0003

A good effect is obtained by using ordinary Vaseline or baby oil instead of a cleaning solution. Apply the composition to the product and, after waiting a quarter of an hour, wipe everything with a dry cloth, making polishing movements. Under the influence of external conditions, the skin dries up from time to time, which leads to its cracking and loss of presentation. Treatment with such oils moisturizes and softens leather upholstery. It restores its softness and shine.

Beaten egg white can be used for this purpose. The natural component works more effectively. But, if the coating is old and dotted with a network of cracks and damage, there is a risk that the organic matter will not be completely removed by wiping. Its remains can become a breeding ground for harmful bacteria and microorganisms. nine0003

How to clean stains on a leather sofa and wipe off stubborn dirt

Before proceeding with direct removal, read the accompanying passport for your furniture from its manufacturer. The upholstery material, the type of dye used and a list of recommended care products are necessarily indicated there. If such a document is not available for any reason, check all formulations for interaction with the coating in places that are not conspicuous before use.

Try soapy water, petroleum jelly, or baby oil first. Most types of pollution are amenable to these means. You can use special ones designed for skin care:

All of them have a composition that not only destroys dirt, but also protects the product, creating a barrier from environmental influences, and restoring the structure. Thereby extending the service life. Before cleaning your leather sofa with an unfamiliar product at home, carefully read the instructions. Compositions not intended for skin treatment should not be used. Preparations intended for smooth material are not suitable for suede and nubuck. And vice versa. nine0003

Additional detergent components that can be used in the fight against pollution are also familiar to every housewife:

With some care you can use:

This set is enough to keep the furniture in good condition. Any dirt is easier to remove while it is fresh. The more neglected the situation, the more actively and aggressively the means will have to be used. For application and processing, use only foam sponges, flannel cloths, microfiber and soft brushes with natural bristles. But don't put too much effort into caring for a leather sofa. Otherwise, the paintwork or protective layer may be damaged, or the upholstery may stretch or tear. nine0003

Classification of stains and how to deal with them

Most often, unexpected stains on furniture come from food and drink. If you have not made it a rule to ban eating in the rest corner, these further tips are for you.

Grease marks

When the stain is very fresh, do not rub it with a cloth. So you only increase the area of ​​​​contamination and press particles of fat into the pores, which will become more difficult to remove from there.

Sprinkle any absorbent on the mark - chalk, talc, starch, salt, soda. Allow a few minutes for the grease particles to soak in and gently sweep everything off. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated. Then wash the entire area with soapy water or dishwashing detergent. nine0003

Old stains are removed by covering with soapy water or petroleum jelly. Allow to stand for 15-20 minutes and wipe with a dry cloth.

Spilled drinks

Freshly spilled tea, coffee, beer, wine and other liquids should first be blotted with a dry cloth. Then sprinkle with any available substance to absorb residual moisture. After a few minutes, remove the remaining dirt, wash the place with soapy water.

We try to clean a leather sofa from old stains in the same way as other dirt. First we try to soak with any warm detergent composition, and then we wipe it with a rag. If that doesn't help, try using Vaseline. If this does not work, as an extreme method, you can use a solution of ammonia, alcohol or lemon juice. But on painted products, we must first check the action in a hidden area. In order not to discolor the treated area. After processing, we rinse again, wipe everything thoroughly with clean water, dry it with a napkin and apply a layer of petroleum jelly or oil. The unpleasant smell after spilled beer is removed by adding a little ammonia to the water. nine0003

Blood stains

Blood stains, whether fresh or dried, can only be treated with cold water or solutions. Heat accelerates clotting and makes cleaning difficult. If the pollution has not had time to dry, apply talc, starch, soda on it and let it soak. Then remove the resulting slurry and wash the area with cold water and any detergent.

Moisten old stains with soapy water and let stand in this form for about twenty minutes. Then you need to rinse the leather sofa with a damp sponge, let it dry and grease it with petroleum jelly or baby oil, protecting it from drying out. nine0003

Ink and marker marks

These marks can be easily removed with weak alcohol solutions or acetone. But check if this concentration will affect the coloring layer. Sometimes small spots can be erased with an ordinary eraser.

Microbial Infestation

A common skin problem is mold and mildew. A contributing factor can be increased humidity in the room, spilled and not cleaned liquid, and even poorly wiped furniture after washing. It is especially necessary to carefully monitor products that have abundant folds and additional elements. nine0003

If a colony of spores is found, immediate disinfection is required. This is best done by wiping the area with a mild vinegar solution. But, without allowing the composition to be absorbed, rinse everything with detergent and wipe with clean water and napkins. Launched cases of mold damage to a leather sofa cannot be washed off on their own, like ordinary dirt. The fungus penetrates deep into the structure. To get it, you will need the effort of professionals and special operating means.

Care instructions for light colors

Keeping such furniture clean turns out to be an additional hassle for the owner. Any blots on such a surface stand out especially brightly. In part, this inconvenience is offset by the ability to use more radical cleaning products.

Many steps are the same as for painted products. Vacuum and wipe regularly. First with a damp sponge, then with Vaseline. We only note the distinctive features that can be used on such headsets:

If you are going to clean a white or light leather sofa at home, do not forget to test the product on an inconspicuous area before treating the base. And after washing with water, dry and lubricate the surfaces with nourishing baby oil.

Restoration of scuffs and scratches

You can easily repair leather goods yourself. After the standard cleaning procedure, allow the material to dry and carefully inspect it in good light from different angles. Over time, scratches and worn spots form on any surface. Under the influence of cleaning agents, the painted surface also brightens. To restore the appearance, you can use special tools. Whitish spots are returned to their juiciness with cream-paint for leather products. To hide cracks, treatment with a spray or napkins impregnated with a restorative composition based on wax or silicone helps. nine0003

Restoration of wooden elements

If your suite has decorative inserts and armrests made of wood, they also need to be looked after. The already tested furniture polish and petroleum jelly will help you with this. They will help hide minor scratches on lacquered surfaces, and remove whitish stains left after hot cups.

A few more tips for caring for furniture

In this article we tried to tell you how to wash and how to clean leather sofas and armchairs. But no matter how hard you try, no matter how carefully you use them, over time, the coating wears out, tears and loses its presentability. If earlier such a product was considered to have served its time and was thrown away, modern technologies allow it to return to its second youth. Only such a procedure requires special tools, consumables and some experience in their use. nine0003

Leather repairs

These are done in leather repair shops. But for those who like to make their own hands, all means are quite affordable. And the necessary skills are developed in the course of actions. What opportunities exist in this service sector:

Thus, the old product is returned to its original appearance. Such work will cost much less than a complete alteration of new upholstery or the purchase of other furniture.

How to clean a leather sofa: leather furniture cleaning (tools)

Expensive and luxurious leather furniture is not only comfortable, but also durable. Leather sofa in demand of the rest of the furniture. It is in perfect harmony with any interior and gives the room the status of prosperity and style. However, without proper care, any furniture loses its original appearance, scuffs and stains appear. nine0003

Many housewives believe that a leather sofa can only be cleaned by dry cleaning, but this is not the case. At home, you can not only maintain the appearance of the product, but also remove stains.

Content

Which product to use for cleaning

Before you start cleaning a leather sofa, you need to refer to the instructions for its use and find out the type of leather from which the furniture is made, and if paint was used, then what kind. Some detergents can harm the painted material, so many instructions indicate which types of detergent can be used.

If the document is lost, then before cleaning it is necessary to test the compatibility of the detergent with the material of the sofa on a small inconspicuous area. nine0193

How to clean a light leather sofa - video:

Means for caring for a leather sofa differ in the following types:

  • napkins - clean only small defects;
  • cream soap - used for daily cleaning;
  • cleaner - cleans well and softens the skin;
  • stain remover - safely removes stains;
  • conditioner - softens the skin;
  • balm - well nourishes the leather material; nine0032
  • wax - gives elasticity;
  • anti-stain impregnation - prevents stains.

Several products can be combined to clean a leather sofa. There are also professional products that clean and care for the condition of leather furniture at the same time. The most popular are Vanish, Grass, Leder, HG.

Proven ways to clean a leather sofa

There are several ways to clean a dirty leather sofa without damaging the material itself. Let's look at the simplest, but at the same time effective ways. nine0003

Mopping:

  1. This is an easy way to clean leather furniture. The duration of the procedure will directly depend on the condition of the product.
  2. If there are no stains on the sofa, then it will not take much time to clean. You need to prepare a soapy solution and a clean soft cloth.
  3. Spread the prepared product with a napkin on dusty and dirty places and leave for 7-10 minutes. After the allotted time, rinse with a dry cloth.

Important! The movements while washing off the soapy solution should be circular. If stains remain, then walk again with a cloth dipped in running water.

Steam Cleaner

An excellent tool that will help you professionally care for your leather furniture at home with the help of steam.

A special detergent is used with the steam cleaner, which should be mild and gentle. It must be diluted with water. nine0003

To clean, first spread the diluted detergent on the soiled areas, wait a few minutes (the exact waiting time will be indicated in the instructions for use of the detergent) and carry out the cleaning procedure with a steam cleaner.

Attention! The choice of instrument, as well as the choice of cleaning agent, must be considered carefully. Before buying, it is better to consult with the consultants of the store.

Vacuum cleaner

We recommend using a vacuum cleaner to remove debris and dust from the sofa.

Using the furniture nozzle, carefully go over the joints and then over the entire surface.

Handle with care. Do not turn on the device at high power, because this can damage the delicate material.

The vacuum cleaner makes cleaning easier. By removing excess debris and dust, cleaning stains will be much easier.

How to remove stains from a leather sofa

We all love to watch a movie with a cup of tea or coffee in hand. One careless move and the drink is already on the furniture. Leather is a porous material, so dirt is absorbed very quickly. If you do not resort to cleaning in time, the stain will be much more difficult to remove, especially from a white or milky sofa.

Stain removal methods:

  1. Starch or talc. Starch can be used to remove oily stains. It must be poured onto a contaminated place and left for 5 minutes. After this time, the starch should absorb the fat, and you just have to remove it with a dry cloth. nine0032
  2. Vinegar solution. It is necessary to prepare a weak vinegar solution and wash the contaminated area with it. Attention! This method is only suitable for a white leather sofa, as the paint may come off on a dark material.
  3. Milk. This method will only remove the stain if it is fresh. To do this, moisten a cotton pad in warm milk and rub it over the material in a circular motion. After polishing with a dry cloth.
  4. Ammonia. It can also be used only on light-colored furniture. After wetting a napkin or cotton pad in alcohol, gently rub over the stain. Carefully! Alcohol can dry out the skin, so don't overdo it. nine0032
  5. Baking soda. A good helper for pollution control. Need 1 tbsp. l.

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