Peach tree plants

Tip! To prolong the fruiting period of a tree, it is necessary to make pruning that helps rejuvenate the plant.

Where peaches grow in Russia

Peach trees are actively cultivated in the south in regions with warm winters: in the Krasnodar Territory, Dagestan, Crimea and the Caucasus.

Those regions are suitable for growing this crop, in which from June to September the air temperature does not fall below +24 ^o C. And in winter - below -10 ^o C. At a temperature of -25 ^o C the tree dies.

However, gardeners grow peaches in the Moscow Region as well. In this case, the best time for planting is the beginning of spring. Trimming the plant to the shape of a shrub allows you to achieve a higher yield.

Peaches growing in central Russia must be covered for the winter with air structures made of foam plastic or expanded polystyrene.

Varieties with high winter hardiness are suitable for growing peaches in the Moscow region, Moscow and Central Russia:

• Early Kyiv;
• Red-cheeked;
• Cardinal;
• Redhaven;
• Collins;
• Kremlin.

What are the most delicious peaches

When choosing a variety for planting, it is also important to start from the desired taste. Below are the 5 most delicious, according to professional gardeners, varieties.

Collins

This is an early maturing variety with large yellow-red fruits. Their average weight reaches 150 g. The pulp tastes sweet, with a slight sourness.

The Collins variety is famous for its high yield. Therefore, so that the branches do not break under the weight of massive fruits, it is important to remove ripe fruits in time.

The culture tolerates frost well, is immune to powdery mildew and curl. Needs regular feeding, abundant watering and pruning.

Early Kyiv

An early variety often grown by summer residents in the Crimea and other regions with a warm spring climate. Gives very juicy, tasty yellow-pink fruits weighing 80 - 100 g.

Plants have a high yield, are resistant to clasterosporosis and powdery mildew. Do not tolerate excessive moisture or dryness of the soil.

Redhaven

Redhaven is another early maturing variety that adapts to changing climate conditions. Perfectly is suitable both for private, and for industrial breeding.

The fruits are large, weighing 150 - 170 g. The color is closer to orange-gold, there are red blotches on the skin. The flesh is yellow, delicate in taste, with a pronounced smell.

The variety is resistant to frost and curl, but with improper care it is susceptible to fungal attack. To avoid such problems, it is important to carry out feeding and disease prevention in time.

Cardinal

Cardinal peaches of medium size, weight 100 - 150 g, slightly flattened laterally. The skin is yellow with a carmine blush. Pulp with a fragrant smell. The fruits have high palatability and have a score of 5 points on the main tasting scale.

This variety does not tolerate frost well and needs special care. It is resistant to powdery mildew.

Kremlevsky

A popular variety that adapts well to any conditions. The fruits themselves are orange-yellow with ruddy red patches, weighing up to 200 g. They have a unique sweet taste and delicate aroma.

Kremlin peaches are immune to most diseases and are characterized by high winter hardiness, which makes it possible to grow them in regions with a cool climate. The tree does not like waterlogging of the soil, so watering is important to carefully control. Landing in elevated areas is recommended.

When the peach season starts in Russia

The ripening season for early varieties of peaches in the Crimea begins in mid-June. In the Middle lane, the peach season begins in August or September.

Important! The main period for harvesting peaches throughout Russia falls at the end of July, August and the beginning of September. With the onset of October, the yield begins to drop sharply.

Is it possible to pick peaches unripe

Fruit can be picked from the branches and unripe, in this form they are more rigid. This is especially true if they need to be transported in the future: soft, ripe fruits may be damaged during transportation. In the presence of damage, the product deteriorates in 2 to 3 days.

If it is planned to transport under chilled conditions, it is recommended to remove the fruits no later than 5 days before full ripening.

The disadvantage of early harvesting is wrinkling of the fruit skin.

How to make peaches ripen at home

Unripe fruits can easily ripen at home. There are several ways to do this:

1. Unripe peaches should be laid out on flat plates or trays and left for 3 to 5 days at room temperature.
2. Place them in a paper bag along with an apple or banana. Leave to ripen at room temperature for a day. Check and, if necessary, increase the time.
3. Wrap the peaches in a linen napkin for a juicier fruit. Aging in this way will take several days.

What can be done with unripe peaches

Unripe fruits can be used immediately. They make delicious peach jam for the winter. Compotes and jams are also made from them.

Tip! When making jam, unripe fruits are pre-boiled in water so that they give more juice.

Unripe peaches are also used in the preparation of second courses. Together with them, you can bake chicken, duck, pork, make pizza, fish soup or pilaf. In baking, they are used as a filling for various desserts and pies.

How to store peaches

Only firm, undamaged fruits can be stored for a long time. Ideal temperature - 0 ^o C. It corresponds to the temperature in the refrigerator in the vegetable compartment. A cellar or basement is also suitable. In such conditions, peaches can be stored for a whole month.

The higher the temperature, the less time the fruit stays fresh. Fruit can be kept at room temperature for up to 5 days.

Important! Storage in plastic bags is not recommended.

Conclusion

An amazing peach tree, photos of its flowering and fruits only once again confirm this. There are few plants that can compare with it in beauty and taste of fruits. It is not for nothing that since ancient times, the comparison with a peach was considered the highest praise for girls.

planting, care, disease and treatment

Peach is a fruit-bearing tree of the Rosaceae family, subgenus Almond. The difference from the almond tree is the presence of fruits. Plum, apricot, pear, apple and other trees are relatives of the peach.

Trees have a root system close to the surface. The average height is from 4 m to 6 m. The peach begins to bloom at the end of April. The flowers are pale pink, have a pleasant sweet smell.

There are 4 types of peach fruits:

1. Velvety with pulp well separated from the stone.
2. Velvety, with flesh that does not come off the stone well.
3. Smooth with well-pitted flesh or nectarines.
4. Smooth, with flesh that does not come off the stone well.

The ossicles are wrinkled, have grooves, convolutions and a pointed apex.

Fruitful trees become 2-4 years from the moment of planting and yield for 10-15 years. The fruit of the peach is extremely fragrant, juicy, with orange-pink flesh. Peach is a whimsical plant. Its yield depends on many environmental factors: air temperature during flowering, watering, pruning. Therefore, you need to know how to properly care for a tree in order to achieve the maximum number of fruits.

Contents:

• 1 When should you plant a peach tree?
  • 1.1 Features of wood planting in spring
• 2 Care for peach tree
  • 2.1 Care for a peach tree in the spring
  • 2.2 Care for a peach tree in the summer
  • 2.3 Care for a peach tree in the fall 9000
  • 3 Diseases and pests of the peach tree
    • 3. 1 Table: disease-resistant varieties of peach

  When should a peach tree be planted?

  Peach planting depends on the climate of the growing area. The further north you live, the more rational it will be to plant in spring or summer, so that the tree takes root and grows. If you live in the south, then it is better to plant trees closer to autumn.

  The landing site must be well lit, elevated and protected from the wind. The tree should be placed at some distance from other trees (at least about three meters in different directions from the seedling). The tree grows poorly in those areas where strawberries, plants of the nightshade and melon families, alfalfa, clover grew, since peach diseases can develop with verticillium (a fungal disease that manifests itself in the appearance of “scalded” withering leaves that have a yellow color). In order to avoid infection of the seedling with fungal hyphae, it is recommended to plant only 3-4 years after the above crops.

  Peculiarities of tree planting in spring

  The main rule of peach planting is to dig a foundation pit correctly and at the right time. The longer the hole is dug before planting, the better the quality of the land will be.

  The most favorable time for digging a pit is autumn, if you want to plant a tree in the spring. In the center of the pit at the bottom, a stake is driven in such a height that it peeks out above the surface of the earth.

  Next, you need to fill the soil with nutrients in a slide in the center of the pit. If the land is fertile, then only mineral fertilizer and ash are added to it. If the land on the site is depleted, then the top layer of the earth is removed from the pit, manure, humus or compost is added to it from about 4 to 8 kg, it is also fertilized with wood ash, superphosphate and potassium chloride and mixed thoroughly.

  When buying a peach seedling, ask the seller about the conditions under which it was grown in order to best adapt the tree to your soil. Also check the root system of the seedling. To do this, pinch off a piece of bark and check the color of the rhizome: if it is green, then the peach is young. Remember that it is best to buy annual seedlings, as they take root well.

  After buying a seedling, it is necessary to place it on a hillock in the center of the pit, spread its roots carefully and cover the hole with soil. After all this, the landing site should be slightly higher than the surface of the rest of the ground. The soil must be trampled from the periphery to the center, that is, from the farthest parts of the root to the trunk, and poured abundantly with three or four buckets of water. After the water has been absorbed and the earth has settled, it is recommended to tie the peach seedling to the stake, which was installed after digging the pit. Next, you can fill the area with manure up to 10 cm thick, but be careful that it does not come into contact with the trunk itself.
  Peculiarities of planting a peach seedling in autumn

  If you decide to plant a peach in autumn, you have made the right choice, taking into account the timing of digging the foundation pit. Before you buy a seedling, you need to dig a hole 15-20 days before planting. The second feature is that only ash and mineral fertilizer are mixed with the soil. Soil with impurities, as well as in the spring, is poured in a slide in the center of the hole. The sequence of planting is no different from that in the spring. But after the earth dries out, it is necessary to wrap the tree trunk 20-30 cm from the ground, and before the cold snap, the trunk must be wrapped in burlap, after making holes in it for ventilation on the south side.

  Peach tree care

  Every plant needs proper care: watering, tying, pruning, spraying, etc. Peach requires especially careful supervision, being a very whimsical tree.

  Care of the peach tree in spring

  Observation and care of the peach tree starts around April, when the first buds appear. The first procedure is spraying swollen buds from codling moth, aphids and other pests. Next, the tree is sprayed against fungal diseases with 3% Bordeaux mixture. During the flowering period, it is absolutely impossible to treat trees with copper-containing agents, so antifungal drugs are chosen that replace Bordeaux liquid. After the tree has faded, a combined treatment of peach trees from various pests and diseases is carried out. But while spraying trees, do not forget about such a simple procedure as watering, especially when the winter is without snow and the spring is dry.

  Caring for a peach tree in summer

  When the ovary on the trees has fallen off, it is necessary to distribute the number of fruits on the branches in order to ensure the minimum load on the tree and the largest possible fruits. Thus, on each branch, the distance between adjacent ovaries should be about 10 cm, and excess ovaries should be removed. Also, the earth around the trunk must be loosened, weeds must be pulled out. In summer, peach needs watering, especially when there is no rain, but first wait until the stone hardens to avoid cracking the fruit. In summer, the tree is also sprayed from various insects. It is recommended that before harvesting peaches, make two or three foliar top dressings of the tree with potassium fertilizers so that the fruits are sweet. Water the peaches generously about a month before harvest, as this will increase their size by a third.

  Caring for a peach tree in autumn

  Caring for fruit trees in autumn is just as important as at any other time of the year. It is during this period that flower buds are formed in the tree and laid for the next year. For the development of such buds, it is necessary to provide good humidity, so peach should be watered. After the leaves began to change color, spray the plant with Bordeaux liquid, and after dropping all the leaves - with diluted copper sulphate. This procedure will ensure the prevention and destruction of fungal diseases. Also, before the onset of cold weather, it is advisable to introduce mineral and organic fertilizers into the soil, they should be enough for the whole winter and before the onset of warming.

  Peach tree care in winter

  Peach trees do not tolerate frost well, so they need to be wrapped and covered for the winter. Wrap the tree with a bag of sugar or cardboard and film, after driving a few pegs around the tree trunk. Peat or humus is applied to the area near the trunk circle.

  Diseases and pests of the peach tree

  Peach has all the main stone fruit diseases - leaf curl, fruit rot (moniliosis), powdery mildew, cytosporosis and clasterosporosis. In addition, sometimes it is attacked by pests - aphids, eastern codling moth, fruit mites, fruit moths, weevil. The gardener needs to react in time and get rid of problems.

  The peach tree is a good target for diseases and pests, so do not sit idly by, even if the site grows a variety resistant to many adversities

  Table: disease-resistant varieties of peach

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  DISEASE / PEST MAIN DISEASE/PEST RESISTANT VARIETIES
  Leaf curl	Early Kuban, Bagrinovsky, Madeleine Pouier, Juicy Redhaven, Krasnocheky, Collins 9Aphid	Early Kuban, Memory of Simirenko

  ---

  Fruit rot or moniliosis is a fairly common peach disease caused by a fungus. The mycelium of the fungus is spread by insects, wind or rainwater. Spores quickly infect fruits that have damage, cracks or wounds from bird bites, insects. With moniliosis, the flowers and leaves of the tree dry up, the shoots turn black. Mushroom spores appear in the form of gray circles on ripening fruits, the flesh begins to rot, and later the fruit mummifies.

  Preventive measures include the following actions:

  • spring pruning of dead branches;
  • destruction of affected fruits and shoots;
  • crown thinning;
  • spring spraying of trees with fungicides.

  At the first signs of fruit rot, gardeners resort to the use of medicinal preparations, the affected fruits are removed, and the branch on which they grew is cut off. It is recommended to use "Topsin" or Bordeaux liquid. It is desirable to carry out the first treatment even before flowering, then repeat twice more.

  Powdery mildew is a dangerous fungal disease that is easy to detect. The first signs of damage appear on the leaves. A white, velvety coating appears on the surface, resembling scattered flour in appearance. Soon, the infected leaves fold, as shown in the photo, and crumble. Spores are carried by wind or raindrops and settle on fruits, which also begin to hurt, crack and rot. The thicker the crown of the tree, the more serious the defeat will be.

  All shoots with powdery mildew must be pruned and destroyed. Spraying with colloidal sulfur, copper sulfate, Topaz or Fundazol preparations is an effective control measure. Folk methods include spraying the tree with a soap and soda solution.

  Scab - the formation on the back of peach leaves of clarified round or oval areas. Scab also affects the bark, which cracks, as shown in the photo. At the first sign, the affected leaves are removed and destroyed. All trees are sprayed with Delan, Topsin. Preventive measures include spring treatment with DNOK and autumn spraying with Bordeaux mixture.

  Klusterosporiosis is one of the most dangerous fungal diseases of peach. Most often, fruits that grow in the southern regions of Russia, in the Moscow, Tula, Ryazan regions, in the Krasnodar Territory are affected. The infection overwinters on plant debris, among fallen leaves, wood. In the spring, you need to start inspecting and pruning the tree. All diseased branches must be cut off before the start of the sap flow, and the wounds should be treated with lime mortar or iron sulfate.

  In spring, when the weather is wet and cool, the infection spreads over the area, which leads to the defeat of all parts of the fruit tree. Small brown-brown spots form on the leaves, as shown in the photo. Gradually, they increase in size, and the affected leaf withers and falls off. The spots can merge, they are always surrounded by a border characteristic of clasterosporia.

  Early spraying of peach with Bordeaux liquid is an effective preventive measure. During the growth period, drugs "Skor", "Abiga-Peak" are used. Treatment with strong poisons should be carried out 3 weeks before harvest. To reduce the likelihood of tree infection with clasterosporiasis, it is worth giving preference to planting varieties resistant to fungal infection, namely:

  • Albert;
  • Cardinal;
  • Greensboro;
  • Hale.

  Leaf curl is a particularly dangerous fungal disease that most often progresses intensively during prolonged cool and rainy weather. Peach fruits are rarely affected, but symptoms can be seen on young leaves. On their surface, a red-pink wavy curl is formed. A white, shiny coating appears on the reverse side of the leaf - the mycelium of the fungus. Affected leaves turn yellow and fall off.

  The pathogen is highly winter hardy and survives even in severe frosts. During the period of intensive spring growth, spores spread throughout the plant, affecting leaves and buds. Germinating, spores inhibit the development of the tree. The leaves, when viewed, are rough in texture, short and thick, as shown in the photo.

  All affected leaves and shoots are recommended by gardeners to be urgently removed from the tree and destroyed. In early spring, you need to carry out preventive spraying of peach. For this, the fungicide "DNOK" is suitable. You can also use biopreparations, because they are not so harmful. Experienced gardeners use combinations of biologics and the simultaneous addition of a fungicide. At a dosage of 100 grams per 10 liters of water, mix:

  1. Trichodermin is a drug containing spores of an antagonist fungus that inhibits the development of peach curl.
  2. Planriz - a bacterial agent that suppresses the development of rot, pathological microflora, stimulates the plant's immunity.
  3. Pentaphage is a powerful fungicide with preventive and curative properties.

  During the growing season, you can use the preparations "Delan", "Skor", "Copper chloride". Before processing, it is recommended to carefully study the instructions for each product, observe the dosage and precautions.

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